The invention discloses a sensor node deployment strategy based on a chaotically optimized bacteria foraging algorithm. The strategy comprises the following steps of initializing, setting a cyclic variable, performing chemotaxis cycle, performing multiplication cycle, migrating, judging a condition by which an algorithm cycle ends, if the condition is met, ending the algorithm and outputting an optimal bacterium combination, and if the condition is not met, returning to set the cyclic variable. The strategy provided by the invention has the advantages that WSN nodes are uniformly distributed in a monitoring area in a node coverage scheme acquired by using the chaotically optimized bacteria foraging algorithm, less node redundancy is generated, hardly no coverage blank exists; compared with a random node deployment strategy, the sensor node deployment strategy is improved in node deployment strategy network coverage rate, the nodes are more uniformly distributed in the monitoring area, fewer coverage areas are repeated, redundancy of the nodes is extremely low, the purpose of WSN optimized coverage is achieved, and the optimized algorithm can effectively cover the monitoring area by using the fewer nodes, deployment costs are saved, and meanwhile monitoring time of the WSN is also greatly prolonged.