A cannon first-arrival comprehensive modeling static correction method without a surface layer survey data constraint is a surface layer modeling and static correction processing method of seismic exploration data in geophysical exploration, uses filed earthquake collection material to generate a file, performs depth correction on well depth, obtains elevation of a shot point excitation surface, picks up first-arrival time of all shot point records within a certain arrangement range, then performs refraction layering on a public central point path set, and calculates refraction layer speed and delay time in a demodulation point receiving elevation position and a shot point excitation elevation position; and a database is used to perform chromatography inversion, a space speed model of a measuring line is obtained, a high speed interface corresponding to an analysis refraction layer is extracted from the model, the thickness of a surface layer above the high speed layer interface can be obtained, then the speed of refraction analysis, delay time and surface layer thickness are used to calculate the average surface layer speed of above the refraction layer, a datum plane and a speed parameter of static correction are defined, static correction of the datum plane is calculated, and a static correction amount of the invention is used for processing seismic data and eliminating influence of the surface layer on imaging of the seismic data.