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The application provides a preparation method of a silicon negative electrode containing a conductive adhesive of a non-side-chain n-type high-conductivity polymer material PBFDO, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, blending an organic acid, an alcohol, a salt and the PBFDO, and stirring and reacting under heating to obtain an adhesive precursor solution; S2, blending and stirring the adhesive precursor solution and an active substance, coating on a substrate, and drying to obtain the silicon negative electrode; wherein the active substance is selected from one or more of nano-silicon, micro-silicon and silicon-carbon. The adhesive is obtained by crosslinking the organic acid, the alcohol, the salt and the PBFDO with each other, the adhesive forms a three-dimensional elastic structure in situ on the surface of silicon particles, can effectively accommodate the volume change of the silicon negative electrode in the cycle process, effectively alleviates the structure damage caused by the volume change, and improves the cycle stability of the battery; meanwhile, the PBFDO effectively improves the conductivity of the silicon-based negative electrode, and realizes the practical application of the PBFDO in the lithium ion battery.