The invention discloses a line sag online detection system based on differential locating. The line sag online detection system comprises a base station and a monitoring station; the base station is fixedly provided with a solar energy power supply system, a first satellite receiving module, a first CPU, a first wireless data radio, a 4G communication module and a site extended communication interface; and the monitoring station is fixedly provided with a second satellite receiving module, a second CPU, a second wireless data radio, a pose and motion measuring unit, a non-contact infrared temperature measurement sensor and a line electricity taking module. According to the line sag online detection system based on the differential locating, the base station is arranged on a tower or otherreliable fixed positions, the monitoring station is installed at a line sag point, a satellite differential locating technology is adopted, the base station and the monitoring station receive satellite signals at the same time, real-time differential resolving is carried out through wireless differential links, the elevation and horizontal positions of monitoring points are measured, and the real-time monitoring of the line sag is realized through the combination of data such as line temperature measurement and pose and motion measurement.