The present invention provides an emergency communication apparatus, which comprises a light-transmitting sphere having an inner cavity, wherein the surface of the light-transmitting sphere is provided with a plane support portion, a gravity part is fixed on the center position of the plane support portion and inside the inner cavity of the light-transmitting sphere, a power supply, an information acquisition unit for acquiring environment information, and a control and transmission unit for outputting the environment information are further arranged inside the inner cavity of the light-transmitting sphere, and the power supply and the information acquisition unit are respectively connected with the control and transmission unit. The present invention further provides an emergency communication system, which comprises the emergency communication apparatus, and further comprises a receiving terminal monitoring system, wherein the receiving terminal monitoring system and the control and transmission unit form a wireless connection, and the receiving terminal monitoring system comprises a wireless module, a decompression decoding module, a processing display module and a command processing module. According to the invention, advantages of small size, low cost, flexible movement and the like are provided.