The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted positioning method based on multi-source information fusion, and the method comprises the following steps: 1, respectively obtaining the navigation information from each system; 2, carrying out the time-space registration of the navigation information from different systems; 3, carrying out the local filtering; 4, carrying out the information fusion; 5, outputting positioning information after information fusion, carrying out the reconfiguration of a main filter and a subfilter through an information distribution principle, and then returning to step 1. The invention innovatively provides the vehicle-mounted positioning method based on multi-source information fusion, and the method achieves the fusion of the position information provided by different positioning systems, improves the system redundancy, enables the positioning systems to complement each other's advantages, improves the dynamic adaptability of the systems, enables the total system to obtain the precision which is better than the precision of the local systems, improves the vehicle-mounted positioning capability, and enables a land-based weapon launching system to have the long-time and large-range maneuvering capability.