The invention discloses a humidification and dehumidification type water purification device for evaporation enhancement of a fluidized bed. The humidification and dehumidification type water purification device comprises a condensation chamber, a condenser, an evaporation chamber, an upper partition board, a lower partition board, a spraying device, a heating device and a drive device, wherein an evaporation cavity is limited in the evaporation chamber, a second gas inlet, a second gas outlet and a sewage outlet are formed in the evaporation chamber, and the second gas outlet is communicated with a first gas inlet; the upper partition board and the lower partition board are arranged in the evaporation cavity in a spaced mode so as to divide the evaporation cavity into an upper cavity, a middle cavity and a lower cavity, suspended solid particles are arranged in the middle cavity, the second gas inlet is communicated with the lower cavity, and the second gas outlet is communicated with the upper cavity. The spraying device is provided with a spraying nozzle in the upper cavity. The heating device is connected between the spraying device and a water outlet pipe. The drive device is connected between a first gas outlet and the second gas inlet. By means of the humidification and dehumidification type water purification device, water purification efficiency can be improved, the structure is simple, and cost is low.