The invention discloses a stepped twin-screw extrusion device and a bulking machine which comprises twin screws arranged in parallel, wherein screw configuration of the twin screws adopts a stepped variable pitch double-threaded screw structure; and the twin screws comprise a 2-time screw diameter coarse pitch double-threaded screw structure, a three-forward kneading block, a 1.5-time twin-screw structure, a primary three-forward three-backward kneading block, a one-time twin-screw structure, a secondary three-forward three-backward kneading block, a primary one-time slotted twin-screw structure, a double-threaded inverted screw structure, a secondary one-time slotted twin-screw structure and a discharging conical screw structure which are connected in sequence from a feeding hole in the front end of the screw to a discharging hole. According to the stepped twin-screw extrusion device and the bulking machine, retention time of materials in a chamber of the bulking machine is long, thekneading effect is excellent, the pressure in the chamber is uniform, the product stability is high, discharging uniformity is realized, the product is uniform in material form and excellent in kneading effect, the material curing degree is excellent, and the machine is suitable for producing high-oil low-starch (with starch content of 10% or less) high-grade floating and sinking feed.