The invention discloses an anti-quantum computing Internet of Vehicles system based on secret sharing and a mobile terminal and an authentication method thereof. The system comprises a plurality of mobile terminals, a third-party trust mechanism, vehicle keys, vehicle-mounted units and roadside units. The vehicle keys and the vehicle-mounted units are arranged on a plurality of vehicles. The roadside units are used for transmitting messages of the vehicle-mounted units and the third-party trust mechanism. The mobile terminals and the vehicle-mounted units are paired in a one-to-one mode, and the vehicle-mounted units authenticate the mobile terminals. By arranging the mobile terminal, the safety of the vehicle-mounted unit to the driver authentication process is enhanced in the authentication of the vehicle-mounted unit to the mobile terminal. A signature based on ID cryptography is adopted for a transmitted message, an ID is changed into a form of a public key random number, secret sharing is adopted, and a secret is added into the signature message, so that an actual signature message cannot be obtained by an enemy, and a digital signature has very high quantum-resistant computing security. The offset is used, so that the transmission process is safer, and meanwhile, the equipment burden is reduced.