The invention relates to a tension control system for fiber core colored receiving and releasing wires, which comprises a main control system, a sensor group, a power traction module, a wire releasing device, a wire receiving device, two fiber core discs, a group of pulleys and a mechanical bracket. The main control system takes charge of control and management of the whole tension control system for the fiber core colored receiving and releasing wires, and comprises a control module, a data acquisition module, a tension control unit, a fault diagnosis module, a wire receiving control unit, a wire releasing control unit and a display module. The power traction module takes charge of executing the commands and motion of the main control system to ensure that the motions of the wire releasing device (2) and the wire receiving device (5) are harmonious and synchronous, and the power traction module is divided into a power control unit, a wire releasing instruction issuing unit and a wire receiving instruction issuing unit. The tension control system can balance the tensions of the fiber core receiving and releasing wires, and has an attractive human-machine interface and the function of fault alarm; and the wire receiving tension is 45+/-3 grams, the wire releasing tension is 45+/-3 grams, and the coloring speed is 600 to 1,500 meters per minute.