The invention belongs to a classification and identification method upon 12 common fungi, and specifically relates to a method for carrying out classification and identification upon 12 common fungi such as F.graminearum, A.terricola, P.citreonigrum, A.flavus, A.parasiticus, P.aurantiogriseum, T.pseudokoningii, A.humicola, P.viridicatum, A.funigatus, A.uersicolor, and F.solani by using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) technology combined with chemometric operation (hierarchical cluster analysis). The method comprises the steps of the establishment of a FTIR spectra information database of the 12 fungi, fungi culturing, ZnSe window manufacturing, spectral acquisition and preprocessing, and result determination by hierarchical cluster analysis. The method has the advantages of high resolution, high speed, simple operation, and low cost.