The invention discloses a synchronous deployment mechanism for a folding inflating expansion type solar panel substrate, and the synchronous deployment mechanism relates to a solar panel substrate deployment mechanism. Aimed at solving the problems of the prior solar panel substrate deployment mechanism that the reliability is bad, the volume is large, the weight is heavy, the cost is high, and the synchronous deployment performance is low, an inflation driving pipe and an inflation guiding pipe are arranged above and below the solar panel substrate, a pair of mutually meshed gears is respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end, both of which are positioned between the two adjacent solar panel substrates, the two ends of a connecting rod are sleeved on the gear shafts of each pair of gears, each pair of gears is connected with the adjacent solar panel substrate, a connecting ring pillar sleeved on the inflation driving pipe is fixedly connected with the inflation driving pipe, a connecting ring pillar sleeved on the inflation guiding pipe is glidingly matched with the inflation guiding pipe, connecting shafts are arranged in the connecting ring pillars, the external end faces of the connecting shafts are fixedly connected with the solar panel substrates, and a gas source is communicated with the inflation driving pipe and the inflation guiding pipe. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, high folding efficiency, good reliability and synchronous deployment.