77 results about "Insulin signalling" patented technology

The invention provides a separation and purification method of a human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosome and an application of the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosome, and belongs to the technical field of medicines. The human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosome provided by the invention is prepared by cultivating human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells via aserum-free medium, collecting supernatant liquid, implementing centrifuging as well as ultra-filtration and concentration, transferring a concentrated solution onto a 30% sucrose-heavy water densitypad and implementing further purification through sucrose density centrifuging, so that the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosome is obtained. According to the separation and purificationmethod that the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosome is obtained through separation and purification, immunoreactivity is effectively reduced, and a controllable dosage when the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosome is used is guaranteed. The human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosome, by improving a degree of activating an insulin signaling pathway of a type IIdiabetes animal model, can inhibit composition and decomposition of hepatic glycogen, so that glucose metabolism homeostasis can be achieved; and meanwhile, the sensitivity of the type II diabetes animal model to insulin and an insulin secretion function of pancreatic [beta] cells can be improved and a blood glucose concentration can be reduced, so that the application of the human umbilical cordmesenchymal stem cell exosome to the preparation of medicines for treating type II diabetes can be achieved.

Method and compositions are provided for treating or preventing a skin pathology or disorder associated with diabetes and/or aging, by topical administration of at least one agent capable of restoring an impaired physiological condition of the skin associated with said skin pathology or disorder. Examples of such agents include PKC modulating agents, various adipokines and insulin signaling related molecules. In particular, restoration of the subcutaneous adipose tissue can overcome many of the diabetic skin pathologies and aging skin disorders and conditions.

The invention provides fucoidan sulfate and an application of low-molecular-weight fucoidan sulfate in preparation of metabolic syndrome resistant medicines and health products. By adopting fucoidan sulfate, insulin signaling pathways can be relatively well improved, gluconeogenesis can be inhibited, the glycogen synthesis quantity can be increased, the glucose absorption of the skeletal muscles can be promoted, and insulin resistance can be effectively improved. Fucoidan sulfate can be taken as a natural product or medicine to be used for preventing and treating insulin resistance and metabolic syndromes; and fucoidan sulfate is sourced from marine algae, has the advantages of rich resources, easiness in industrialization and high safety, and has wide market and application prospects on the aspects of preventing and treating the metabolic syndromes. Fucoidan sulfate and the application provided by the invention can be used for providing reference significance and enlightenments for high-value applications of the marine algae.

The present invention discloses for the first time that the insulin receptor (IR) is a target of Herstatin, which modulates IR and IR-mediated intracellular signaling. In preferred aspects, Herstatin binds at nM concentrations to cell-surface IR, up-regulates basal IR expression by several-fold, induces the accumulation of pro-IR, and stimulates insulin activation of the ERK pathway. Moreover, these changes in insulin signaling are accompanied by alterations in IGF-IR expression, IRS-2 levels, and the serine phosphorylation state of both IRS-1 and IRS-2. Preferred aspects provide novel therapeutic methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treatment of conditions associated with altered IR expression or IR-mediated signaling, including but not limited to insulin resistance syndrome, pre-diabetic conditions, metabolic syndrome, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, cardiac disease, diabetes-associated vascular disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes-associated lipid metabolism disorders (dyslipidemia), obesity, critical illness, neurodegenerative disorders, and combinations thereof, and cancer.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biology and particularly discloses selenium-rich bifidobacterium longum as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The selenium-rich bifidobacterium longum prepared by virtue of the preparation method can be applied to the preparation drugs or foods for delaying the progress of diabetes mellitus and particularly can be applied to the preparation of the drugs or the foods for improving the physical signs and metabolism conditions of diabetes mellitus, the insulin signal pathways of a diabetes mellitus model, the pathological change of livers, pancreas and kidneys of patients with diabetes mellitus and the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen of diabetes mellitus and preventing renal complications or renal function damage of diabetes mellitus.

Macrocyclic compounds that specifically inhibit insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) are provided. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, stereoisomers, polymorphs, tautomers, isotopically enriched forms, and prodrugs of the macrocyclic IDE inhibitors are also described. Pharmaceutical compositions are also provided. In vivo and in vitro methods of using the IDE inhibitor, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the IDE inhibitor, for example, for the inhibition of IDE in a subject exhibiting aberrant IDE activity, impaired insulin signaling, or insulin resistance, for example, a subject having diabetes, are also provided.

Materials derived from Nelumbo are administered orally to humans or animals for the purpose of enhancing creatine transport into skeletal tissue and for purposes of enhancing lean body mass. Enhancing creatine transport through improved insulin signaling is a new method of depositing creatine and enhancing lean body mass. Such administration is also used for enhancing athletic performance and controlling bodyweight and body fat levels. More specifically, such administration is used for the purpose of enhancing creatine transport into excitable tissues such as skeletal muscle. The material is administered as extracts of Nelumbo and administered in a variety of ways including capsules, tablets, powdered beverages, bars, gels or drinks.

α2-Heremans Schmid Glycoprotein (AHSG) inhibits insulin-induced autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR) and IR-tyroskine kinase (TK) activity; genetic ablation of the Ahsg gene enhances insulin signal transduction and increase whole-body insulin sensitivity. Therefor, AHSG and its gene(s) are useful targets for agents that inhibit the development or progression of Type II diabetes or any disease or disorder associated with increased insulin resistance. Provided herein is a method for inhibiting the biological activity of AHSG protein in a cell using compounds that inhibit phosphorylation of AHSG. Also disclosed is a method of augmenting the phosphorylation or IR-TK activity in a liver or muscle cell by providing a compound that lowers the amount of active AHSG or inhibits the biological activity of AHSG. Such effects may be achieved by delivering an antisense nucleic acid construct that hybridizes with AHSG encoding DNA. This invention includes a method (a) treating a subject that is susceptible to, or suffers from, obesity and insulin resistance or (b) increasing insulin sensitivity, and thereby preventing or treating insulin resistance in the subject. The method comprises lowering the amount of active AHSG or inhibiting the biological activity of AHSG in the subject, preferably in liver or muscle, by using AHSG antisense constructs or an anti-AHSG antibody. In a subject eating a high fat diet, the effect on body weight gain and/or insulin resistance is diminished, and total body fat content is lowered, by lowering the amount of active AHSG or inhibiting the action of the AHSG in the subject using the agents noted above.

The present invention is based at least in part on the discovery of a role for the JNK signaling pathway in longevity. In particular, the present inventors have shown that overexpression of c-jun N-terminal kinase 1 (jnk-1) extends lifespan and that said extended lifespan is associated with DAF-16 phosphorylation by JNK-1 and the consequent DAF-16 localization to the nucleus. Accordingly, the present invention features methods of identifying modulators of longevity in assays featuring organisms and/or cells having a JNK signaling pathway and, optionally, an IR signaling pathway. Also featured is an in vitro method of identifying an agent capable of enhancing longevity featuring an assay composition having a JNK signaling pathway molecule and insulin signaling pathway molecule. Further featured are therapeutic methods for the use of JNK signaling pathway modulators to enhance longevity, to prevent or reduce obesity and to prevent or treat type II diabetes.

The invention discloses application of an oleanolic acid and retinoic acid pharmaceutical composition to medicament for treating insulin resistance and diabetes. Intraperitoneal injection of the oleanolic acid and retinoic acid pharmaceutical composition to diabetic animal can significantly lower the blood glucose level; and addition of the oleanolic acid and retinoic acid pharmaceutical composition in culture solution for culturing liver cells can significantly promote transmission of an insulin signal. Therefore, the oleanolic acid and retinoic acid pharmaceutical composition can be applied to medicaments for treating diabetes, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome closely related to insulin resistance.

A cell-free assay system, which reconstitutes components of the phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase-mediated insulin signaling pathway including phosphatidylinositol phosphate dependent kinase-2 (“PDK2”). Alternatively, a in vitro method for phosphorylating a protein kinase B on Serine 473 or Serine 474. The invention relates generally to an in vitro method of phosphorylating a protein kinase B (“PKB” or “Akt”), to an in vitro method of assessing insulin action, and to an in vitro method of identifying an agent or process that modulates insulin signaling or any cellular activity regulated or influenced by PKB, including cell growth, mitosis, apoptosis, fuel metabolism, and oncogenic transformation. Such an agent or process may be useful in treating insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and a number of other diseases.

The invention provides application of health-care drinking liquid containing deep seawater in preparation of medicaments or health-care products for preventing or treating metabolic syndrome. The health-care drinking liquid comprises liquid A and liquid B, wherein the liquid A is fresh water; and the liquid B is high-concentration concentrate obtained by reduced pressure concentration of concentrated water separated from the deep seawater through a reverse osmosis device, and the hardness range of the liquid B is 200 to 1000ppm. The health-care drinking liquid can regulate the insulin signaling channel in vitro level and improve the resistance of insulin so as to prevent the metabolic syndrome. The health-care drinking liquid prepared from the deep seawater has the advantages of rich resources, easiness in industrialization and the like, and has broad market and application prospect on the aspect of preventing and treating the metabolic syndrome.

This invention relates to plant extracts containing nutritionally beneficial or medicinally active compounds. Some of these extracts, or the purified compounds contained therein, may be used for the nutritional support, prevention, treatment, or possible cure of various metabolic and other diseases and disorders in human beings and animals, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes, by regulating insulin signaling. This regulatory effect may include modulations of the levels and/or activity of the Insulin Receptor (IR), the Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) Receptor, and/or the Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS) proteins in cells and tissues in the body.

The present invention discloses application of miRNA-378 in treatment of fatty liver. In particular, the miRNA-378 in liver is confirmed to be an insulin signal pathway regulating core element. When the miR-378 is overexpressed in mouse liver, mouse lipid metabolism steady state is enhanced, and is mainly shown as decreased liver TG content, wherein the miR-378 can perform functions through inhibition of insulin signal pathway key protein p110 alpha, so that inhibition of the expression of the p110 alpha by the overexpression of the miR-378 in the liver can be a new therapeutic strategy for liver lipid accumulation.

The present invention relates to the medicinal use of indirubin derivative, and is especially the application of indirubin derivative in preparing medicine for treating non-insulin dependent diabetes. Pharmacodynamic experiment shows that the indirubin derivative has the function of affecting the activity of PI3K component in insulin signal conducting passage, and can activate Akt and inhibit mTOR to promote the transfer of insulin signal and sensitize the peripheral tissue in utilizing insulin. The indirubin derivative is hopeful in developing medicine acting on insulin resistance to treat type II diabetes. The indirubin derivative and pharmaceutically acceptable supplementary material may be prepared into tablet, capsule or other oral preparation.

The invention discloses 142 novel phosphorylation sites identified in insulin signaling pathways, peptides (including AQUA peptides) comprising a phosphorylation site of the invention, antibodies specifically bind to a novel phosphorylation site of the invention, and diagnostic and therapeutic uses of the above.

The invention discloses application of jasminum grandiflorum and jasminum grandiflorum extract in preparation of medicine for treating hyperlipidaemia, metabolic syndrome or non-alcoholic fatty liverdisease, and belongs to the field of medicine. The jasminum grandiflorum and the jasminum grandiflorum extract have the advantages that the obesity caused by high-fat and high-cholesterol food can beobviously reduced; the related glucose tolerance damage is reduced; fat content is greatly reduced, levels of triglyceride and cholesterol in serum and liver of a mouse fed with high fat and high cholesterol can be remarkably reduced, phosphorylation of Akt in an insulin signal channel can be activated, and accordingly insulin sensitivity is improved. The invention develops the medicinal application of jasminum grandiflorum and the extract thereof, and provides a new possibility for treating hyperlipidaemia, metabolic syndrome or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

A pharmaceutically acceptable peroxovanadium(v) amine product, DmpzH[VO(02)2](Dmpz)], and its oral as well as injectable use for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus, wherein the said therapeutically stable compound is obtained by reacting V205 or vanadate with hydrogen peroxide and the amine, dimethylpyrazole (Dmpz), at pH 5.5 and temperature 0-4° C. DmpzH[VO(02)2](Dmpz)] is thus poised as a versatile insulin mimic adapted for targeting insulin signaling, stimulating adipogenesis, abrogating insulin stimulated down stream signals thereby lowering the incidence of insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes.