The invention discloses a weighting device and a working method for mining self-discharging vehicle. The device comprises an effective load capacity gauge, a hanging device pressure sensor, a display screen, a state display lamp and a signal input device. The signal input device comprises a compartment lifting switch, a speed sensor, an accelerating pedal sensor, a loading braking switch, an electric braking switch and a working braking switch. The effective load capacity gauge comprises a micro processor, a logic programming controlling circuit, an electric erasable programmable reading-only memory and a communication port. The effective load capacity gauge has the functions of real-time computing, controlling, storing, communicating, displaying and the like. The effective load capacity of the self-discharging vehicle under various conditions is recorded. Accurate weighting is achieved and overloading is avoided. Vehicle operating data are recorded and data real time communication and transmission are conducted with outer equipment or an outer system. The weighting device and the working method for mining self-discharging vehicle is provided with the ability of autonomously recognizing operating state. And accuracy of the measured effective load capacity is guaranteed.