The present invention relates to CO 2 The preparation method and application of the responsive micro-nano drug delivery system can effectively solve the problems of lung deposition ability, reduce the systemic distribution of drugs, reduce systemic toxic and side effects, perform responsive slow release in the lungs, and improve drug utilization and curative effect. The method Yes, to prepare polylactic acid-polylysine polymer, dissolve polylactic acid-polylysine polymer with dimethyl sulfoxide, then add N,N dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, react under nitrogen protection, and dialyze , freeze-dried, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide with budesonide, added ultrapure water, dialyzed, and freeze-dried to obtain PLA-mPLL / BUD nanoparticles; to prepare yeast microcapsules, dissolve PLA-mPLL / BUD nanoparticles in Add yeast microcapsules to ultrapure water, vortex to mix, incubate at room temperature, centrifuge, freeze-dry to obtain CO 2 Responsive micro-nano drug delivery system YGM / PLA‑mPLL / BUD. The preparation method of the invention is simple, the raw materials are abundant, and the production and preparation are easy, and it is a great innovation in medicines for treating asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia and lung injury.