The invention relates to a double-marking probe detecting and melting curve analyzing method used for identifying mycobacterium strains and a kit using the method to identify various mycobacterium strains at the same time. The kit provided by the invention comprises a primer capable of designing mycobacterium 16S rRNA, a double-marking oligonucleotide probe capable of identifying mycobacterium strains, and a thermostable DNA polymerase without 5' nuclease activity. The detecting method and the kit, which are provided by the invention, can detect and / or identify 24 kinds of common mycobacteria. The method and the kit can judge the results according to melting peaks of different Tm values produced by the sequence hybridization of the probe and the different strains, meanwhile rapidly and accurately detect the mycobacteria, and identify the mycobacteria, non-mycobacteria, mycobacterium tuberculosis compounding groups and nontuberculosis mycobacteria, and the result of identifying the mycobacteria can be reported after 3-4 hours, thus the method and the kid can assist the clinical diagnosis, and guide efficient clinical chemotherapy at the early stage.