121 results about "Oxygen distribution" patented technology

A portable oxygen dispenser for providing an emergency supply of oxygen-rich gas includes a closed cannister defining a cannister axis and diameter and containing a quantity of pressurized, oxygen-rich. A dispensing orifice includes an externally actuable valve at one axial end of said cannister for maintaining the orifice normally closed. The valve includes a nozzle stem generally arranged along the cannister axis. An annular neck wall is generally concentrically arranged about the nozzle stem and dimensioned to form an annular space between the nozzle stem and the neck wall. A generally conical diffusing member defines a diffusion axis and opposing axial ends, one of which is a dispensing open end dimensioned to substantially correspond to the cannister diameter; the other end is a closed infusion end and is provided with an inlet opening defining an axis generally transverse to the diffusion axis and structure for engaging the stem for selectively applying an axial force to the nozzle stem. The dispensing end is configured to fit over the cannister when not in use. The cannister and the diffusion axes are generally aligned and adapted to be placed over the mouth and / or nose of a user. A protective guide extends into the annular space slidingly engaging the annular neck wall for substantially limiting the forces applied to the nozzle stem to axial forces along the cannister axis. In this way, forces on the nozzle stem other than the axial forces along the cannister axis are avoided, thus preventing damage to the nozzle stem during use of the diffusing member.

The present invention discloses a sewage treatment method and device by the angleworm strengthening with manual everglade; the method is to put one type of angleworm with sewage treatment effect into the wet soil of the device in order to improve the oxygen-distribution situation in the existing manual everglade treatment technical; the method can overcome the shortcoming that: the existing sewage treatment is easy to be blocked and the effect for de-nitrogen and de-phosphor is much worse. The method can enhance the effect of organic substance separating and de-nitrogen and de-phosphor and prolong the everglade filling and exchanging period. The sewage after being treated can reach the drainage standard and realize the resource utilization requirement.

The invention discloses an integrated composite gasification furnace, which belongs to a biomass gasification furnace. The integrated composite gasification furnace comprises a furnace body (1), a hearth (2), a sealing cover (3), an air inlet pipe (4) and an air outlet pipe (5); the lower periphery of the hearth (2) is provided with an oxygen supply loop (6); the air inlet pipe (4) is communicated with the oxygen supply loop (6); the upper part of the hearth (2) is provided with a storage barrel (7); an air outlet chamber (8) is arranged between the storage barrel (7) and the inner wall of the hearth (2); the air outlet chamber (8) is communicated with the air outlet pipe (5); the top of the furnace body (1) is provided with a cooking bench (9); a gas stove (10) is arranged on the cookingbench (9); the gas stove (10) is communicated with the air outlet pipe (5); and the air outlet pipe (5) is connected with an oxygen distribution pipe (11) communicated with the atmosphere. The integrated composite gasification furnace has the characteristics of quick gas production, little fuel consumption in unit time, no tar or smoke discharge, low cost, simple structure, convenient use and thelike.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a large powder metallurgy TZM blank with uniform carbon and oxygen distribution, which comprises the following steps of: 1, weighing raw materials; 2, mixing powder, namely mixing the weighed four raw materials twice under vacuum or the protection of inert gas, mixing titanium hydride powder, zirconium hydride powder and carbon black powder to prepare mixed powder, adding a volatile organic solvent into the mixed powder, uniformly stirring to prepare suspension, adding the weighed molybdenum powder into the suspension for uniform mixing, and adding residual molybdenum powder for uniform mixing; 3, performing cold isostatic pressing; and 4, sintering by keeping the temperature at stages, namely adopting a vacuum sintering furnace and sintering at three stages, wherein the process comprises the following steps of: raising the temperature at the first stage, raising the temperature at the second stage, and sintering at high temperature. The preparation method has the advantages of reasonable design, simple and convenient operation, and good using effect. The carbon content in the center and on the surface of the prepared larger-size TZM blank can be controlled to be approximately consistent, and the oxygen content in the center and on the surface of the TZM blank also can be reduced to a lower level.

The invention relates to an electroencephalogram cap and a method for establishing a three-dimensional head-shaped electroencephalogram and a brain oxygen distribution map. The electroencephalogram cap comprises a cap body and a control circuit, wherein the cap body is formed by two ear part supporting bodies, a top supporting rod, a front part supporting rod and a back part supporting rod; two ends of the top, front and back part supporting rods are respectively arranged on the two ear part supporting bodies; the top, front and back part supporting rods span places over the head, in front of the head and behind the head from left to right; the top supporting rod is in a cross-connection with N electrode fixing rods; the electrode fixing rods, the front part supporting rods and the back part supporting rods are all equipped with brain electrodes; and the brain electrodes are connected with the control circuit. The method for establishing electroencephalogram and the brain oxygen distribution map forms a scalp surface three-dimensional model according to the electroencephalogram cap and position parameters of the scalp surface, and then obtains an electroencephalogram and a brain oxygen distribution map matched with a practical head shape. The electroencephalogram cap is convenient to use and can accurately collect signals and has strong anti-interference capability; and the electroencephalogram and the brain oxygen distribution map achieved according to the method has great authenticity.

The invention is an integrated combined gasification stove, a biofuel gasifier, having gasification hearth, oxidization combustion chamber and multiple oxygen distributor, where the oxidization combustion chamber is equipped in the gasification hearth and the upper end of the oxidization combustion chamber is connected with the multiple oxygen distributor, the upper part of the oxidization combustion chamber is made with fuel gas holes at different heights and the side of the oxidization combustion chamber is equipped with material inlet pipe, and the multiple oxygen distributor is connected through multiple oxygen distribution pipe with air inlet. And it has characters of needing no fan, wide raw material sources, saving energy, high heat valve, no smoke dust and tar, stable performance, etc.

The invention provides a gas atmosphere controllable revolving furnace structure for the oxygen distribution in the oxidation of copper-aluminum alloy powder, which mainly consists of an air inlet(pumping) pipe, a roller cover, water cooling sleeves, a resistance furnace, rollers, an electrothermal couple pipe, a transmission mechanism, a furnace body bracket and a lifting hook, wherein the resistance furnace is fixed on the furnace body bracket, one end of the furnace body bracket is provided with the lifting hook and is supported by a lower end platform, the other end of the furnace body bracket is provided with a lower end triangular support which can rotate around the triangular support; the inside of the resistance furnace is provided with the roller rotating around the resistance furnace, two ends of the roller(5) arranged outside the resistance furnace are additionally provided with the water cooling sleeves, and the extension end of the roller, which is close to the triangular support end, is provided with the electrothermal couple pipe and is also provided with the transmission mechanism making the rollers rotate. The revolving furnace structure has the advantages that the production efficiency is high; and during the rotation of the rollers, power is fully contacted with the gas atmosphere, and the oxidation time is reduced by increasing the oxygen differential pressure in the rollers. The oxidation time is one-tenth of the oven baking time, so that the oxidation time is shortened.

Aircraft passengers who require a therapeutic oxygen supply independently of the prevailing cabin pressure, as distinguished from an emergency oxygen supply that depends on an inadequate cabin pressure, can breath therapeutic oxygen through the same masks. For this purpose a control accessible to the crew is used to connect a therapeutic oxygen supply to the emergency oxygen distribution system of the aircraft, whereby the source of oxygen is used either partially for therapeutic purposes or fully for emergency purposes.

The present invention is one stepped gasifying furnace for gasifying coal and coke to produce coarse gas containing CO and H2. The stepped gasifying furnace includes pressure resisting casing, refractory layer, coarse gas outlet, cinder outlet, water chilling system in the lower part of the furnace body, and feeding burner in the top to supply oxygen and fuel. It features the secondary oxygen nozzle set in the reflux region of the furnace body to regulate oxygen distribution inside the furnace and establish different temperature regions, so as to optimize the reaction condition, prolong the service life of the feeding burner and raise the volume utilizing rate of the furnace.

The invention discloses an oxygen supply system for an engine reusing test. The oxygen supply system comprises an oxygen source system, an oxygen transporting system and an oxygen distribution table. In the oxygen source system, a process of preparing oxygen through a liquid oxygen vaporization method is adopted, and the utilization rate of raw liquid oxygen materials is improved. Through the real-time monitoring of a pressure sensor, the whole process can be safely performed. In the oxygen transporting system, measures are taken for control over the flow speed of an oxygen pipeline, a mode of connecting two pneumatic cutoff valves in parallel is adopted, and a small-aperture pneumatic cutoff valve is turned on in advance to be served as a pilot valve. The pressures of two ends of a large-aperture pneumatic cutoff valve are balanced, and the large-aperture pneumatic cutoff valve is turned on, so that a good effect of reducing the flow speed of high-pressure oxygen can be achieved. In the oxygen transporting system, a scheme of three main paths and an ignition path is adopted. A pipeline assembly can be reasonably selected according to test requirements.

The invention discloses a stirring and oxygenating fruit vinegar fermentation device, which mainly comprises a fermentation tank body and a stirring and oxygenating device, wherein the stirring and oxygenating device comprises a stirrer and an inflating pipe; both a stirring shaft and a stirring blade of the stirrer are of hollow structures with interior gases communicated, and the surfaces of the stirring shaft and the stirring blade are provided with a plurality of gas holes; and the first end of the inflating pipe is arranged outside the fermentation tank body and the second end is arranged inside the fermentation tank body and is communicated with gas in the lower end of the stirring shaft. The device can achieve uniform oxygenation during stirring, so that the problem that gas and fermented materials are not mixed uniformly during fermenting is solved; in addition, by setting an oxygen flow controller and an oxygen content monitoring device, the fermentation device can automatically control an oxygen addition so as to keep a stable oxygen content; and the fermentation device has the advantages that the device is easy to control the oxygen content during fermenting, is able to guarantee uniform oxygen distribution, is capable of effectively reducing acetic acid loss and the like.

Aircraft passengers who require a therapeutic oxygen supply independently of the prevailing cabin pressure, as distinguished from an emergency oxygen supply that depends on an inadequate cabin pressure, can breath therapeutic oxygen and / or emergency oxygen depending on the situation, through the same therapeutic oxygen masks. For this purpose a control accessible to the crew is used to connect a therapeutic oxygen supply to the emergency oxygen distribution system of the aircraft, whereby the source of oxygen is used either partially for therapeutic purposes or fully for emergency purposes.

The invention relates to a technology of anatomical analysis and research on a steel ingot of higher than 100-ton grade, particularly to a method for anatomical inspection on the quality, structure and performance of a steel ingot of 70-ton grade to 600-ton grade. The method mainly comprises the steps of: the key position and method for steel ingot anatomy, the heat treatment process for a steel ingot test sample, the surface treatment method for a steel ingot detection area, the high-precision analysis and detection method for sulfur distribution, oxygen distribution and phosphorus distribution, the analysis and inspection method for key area chemical constituents, the method for corroding at different concentrations by different corrosive liquids in different stages according to different types of steel, the post-treatment method for the images and results in the analysis and detection area, the analysis method for macrostructures and metallographic images, etc. With the method disclosed by the invention, the detection area surface of the steel ingot can be enabled to satisfy a cold-acid corrosion inspection demand, the solidification structure and macro-casting defects of a large steel ingot can be observed clearly, and the distribution positions of sulfides, oxides and phosphides as well as the segregation distribution condition of sulfur, phosphorus and carbon elements can be accurately determined, thus providing an advantageous basis for improving the solidification structure and eliminating the casting defects.

An object of the present invention is to provide a gas barrier laminated film having high adhesion under a high-temperature working environment. The laminated film includes a flexible substrate, an organic layer disposed in contact with at least one surface of the substrate, and a thin film layer disposed in contact with the surface of the organic layer; the organic layer containing an acrylate resin; the thin film layer containing Si, O, and C; and the laminated film satisfying all of the following requirements (i) to (iii) in a silicon distribution curve, oxygen distribution curve, and carbon distribution curve in the thin film layer:(i) the atomic number ratio of Si, the atomic number ratio of O, and the atomic number ratio of C satisfy the requirement represented by the following formula (1) in 90% or more of the area of the thin film layer in the film thickness direction of the thin film layer;(Atomic number ratio of O)>(Atomic number ratio of Si)>(Atomic number ratio of C)(ii) the carbon distribution curve has at least one extreme value; and(iii) the absolute value of a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the atomic number ratio of carbon in the carbon distribution curve is 0.05 or more.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a gas barrier film, which: has ample gas barrier properties even in a high temperature, high humidity use environment; adequately limits the decrease in gas barrier properties even when the film is bent; and also has excellent resistance to cracking. This gas barrier film is characterized in having a gas barrier layer containing silicon, oxygen and carbon on at least one surface of a base material and in satisfying all of the conditions (i) - (iv). (i) In a region extending to 90% or more of the layer thickness direction, the silicon, oxygen and carbon atomic ratios are (carbon atomic ratio ) < (silicon atomic ratio) < (oxygen atomic ratio), (ii) the carbon distribution curve has at least two extremes, (iii) the absolute value of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the carbon atomic ratio in the carbon distribution curve is 5 at% or more, and (iv) the maximum of the oxygen distribution curve closest to the surface of the gas barrier layer on the base material side is the maximum value among the maxima of the oxygen distribution curve in said gas barrier layer.

By aiming at characteristics of dissolved oxygen parameters of aquaculture pond environment such as large working condition area, non-linear variety, and great inertia, and unbalance pond environment dissolved oxygen distribution, the invention discloses an aquaculture pond dissolved oxygen control system of a wireless sensor network. The aquaculture pond dissolved oxygen control system is constituted by an aquaculture pond environment dissolved oxygen acquisition and control platform, a pond dissolved oxygen cascade control system based on a composite controller, and an expert system of setting aquaculture pond environment dissolved oxygen based on economic optimal reasoning. The aquaculture pond dissolved oxygen control system is advantageous in that the control stability and the control precision of the aquaculture pond dissolved oxygen are improved, and important popularization and application values are provided for the economic benefit of the aquaculture pond.

The invention provides a skin tissue optical clearing solution, and a preparation method and applications thereof. According to the preparation method, the skin tissue optical clearing solution comprises, by volume percent, 40 to 55% of an aqueous solution of a monosaccharide and a derivate of the monosaccharide or a disaccharide and a derivative of the disaccharide, 40 to 50% of an alcohol polymer, 5 to 10% of a penetration enhancer, and a dissolution enhancer which can be dissolved in water and organic solvents, wherein the volume of the dissolution enhancer is 3 to 5% of the total volume of the former three ingredients. When the skin tissue optical clearing solution is applied to skin tissues, uniformization of the refractive index in the skin tissues is realized, tissue scattering is reduced, the skin tissues become transparent to light, imaging depth is increased, and a novel method used for acquiring skin capillaries structures, and blood flow and blood oxygen distribution information is provided.

An aircraft emergency oxygen dispensing device includes an oxygen storage vessel having a frangible pressure seal, and a manifold, a pressure regulator, one or more flow control valves connected to the oxygen storage vessel. The manifold includes an initiator for breaking the pressure seal to initiate a flow of oxygen. A flow controller controls the flow control valves to dispense small quantities of oxygen by a pulse oxygen system or a modulated oxygen system based on ambient cabin air pressure. In the pulse oxygen system, the flow controller further controls the flow control valves based on input from at least one breathing mask air pressure sensor that monitors the breathing of a user.

The invention relates to a wall-mounted oxygen distribution instrument. The wall-mounted oxygen distribution instrument comprises a frame and an electrostatic negative high-voltage coil, wherein the electrostatic negative high-voltage coil is arranged in the frame; the frame is of a cuboid shape; an air inlet is formed in the top surface of the frame; indoor air enters from the air inlet; a metal filtering net is arranged at one side of the air inlet; an electrostatic dust collector is arranged below the metal filtering net; and a negative ion generator and a trioxide generator are sequentially arranged below the electrostatic dust collector. The oxygen distribution instrument is simple to operate, and green and environment-friendly; through a molecular sieve evaporation technology, calcium and magnesium ions in water are removed; the air is washed by a water curtain, so that germs, dust and particulate matters in the air can be filtered and purified while humidifying; and then a pneumatic device sends the wet and clean air into rooms, so that the environment humidity and cleanness can be improved.

The invention provides a technology for preparing natural gas through self-heating catalytic gasification of fire coal, and a system thereof. Coal, a catalyst and a gasifying agent are supplied to a gasifying apparatus, wherein the gasifying agent is supplied to the gasifying apparatus in a dispersion mode from different positions of the gasifying apparatus, and oxygen is introduced into the gasifying apparatus. The technology for preparing the natural gas through self-heating catalytic gasification of fire coal, which allows heat required by a catalytic gasifying reaction to be provided in a fire coal self-heating mode, has the characteristics of no installation of a heating device, simplicity, good economy, and realization of single-furnace heat coupling, and the system has a high efficiency; and additionally, the gasifying agent is supplied to the gasifying apparatus in a dispersion mode, so heat required by the reaction is supplied, the oxygen concentration can be controlled within the specific limits through controlling the full-bed oxygen distribution and adjusting the ratio of steam to oxygen in a distribution plate and a bed in order to avoid a local high-temperature region appearing in the bed, thereby slag bonding can be effectively avoided.

A method for improving tensile strength of zirconium and zirconium alloy relates to a preparing method for the zirconium and zirconium alloy, being used in the preparing process of the zirconium and zirconium alloy for nuclear power, metallurgy, petrochemical industry and other fields. The invention is characterized in that the zirconium and zirconium alloys are added with zirconium dioxide during smelting, and oxygen content in the zirconium and zirconium alloys is controlled to be 0.08% to 0.3%. In the method of the invention, embarking on controlling oxygen content in the zirconium and zirconium alloy, and adding zirconium dioxide during ingot melting of the zirconium and zirconium alloy, the oxygen content in the zirconium and zirconium alloy is controlled by controlling addition amount of the zirconium dioxide; the produced zirconium ingot has uniform oxygen distribution and no metallurgical defects, such as impurities and the like. The present invention has obvious advantages, such as simple operation, accurate control, stability and the like, solves the problem of adding oxygen in zirconium ingot smelting process, and effectively improves conventional performance such as tensile strength and the like to meet the requirement of zirconium materials in industry without affecting the performance of zirconium materials such as corrosion resistance.

The invention provides a heat radiation bipolar plate for a fuel battery and belongs to the field of heat control. The heat radiation bipolar plate comprises an oxygen plate and a hydrogen plate, wherein the oxygen plate and the hydrogen plate are buckled to form a hollow structure and are used for storing phase change mediums and radiating heat through phase changes; both the oxygen plate and thehydrogen plate comprise working parts and cooling parts; oxygen distribution runners are arranged on outer surfaces of the working parts of the oxygen plates; hydrogen distribution runners are arranged on outer surfaces of the working parts of the hydrogen plates; insulating coatings are arranged on outer surfaces of the cooling parts and are used for radiating heat outside; phase change medium runners are arranged in the hollow structure. Due to self-circulation cooling of a phase-change medium, the problems that the structure is complex, poor in reliability, and the like because of circulation water cooling, are avoided, and the system reliability is improved.

The invention provides an oxygen mixing and uniform distribution device. The oxygen mixing and uniform distribution device comprises a main pipeline, an oxygen outer ring pipe annularly arranged outside the main pipeline at intervals, and a plurality of oxygen distribution branch pipes uniformly distributed at intervals along the periphery of the main pipeline, one end of each oxygen distributionbranch pipe is communicated with the oxygen outer ring pipe, and the other end of each oxygen distribution branch pipe is communicated with the main pipeline and is positioned in a longitudinal projection plane perpendicular to an axis of the main pipeline; and a connecting line of the center of one end of each oxygen distribution branch pipe and the center of the main pipeline forms a reference line, and an included angle between the axis of each oxygen distribution branch pipe and the corresponding reference line serves as an acute angle. The oxygen mixing and uniform distribution device hasthe beneficial effects that the arrangement structure is adopted by the multiple oxygen distribution branch pipes, so that airflow rotational flow of oxygen streams in the circumferential direction of the main pipeline can be realized, a better oxygen and air mixing effect is achieved, and the length of the pipeline required by air and oxygen mixing is shortened.

The invention relates to a method for optimizing distribution of an oxygen production system of an iron and steel enterprise, belonging to the technical field of oxygen system dispatching. At the first stage, the equation establish cites the control amount to reduce or increase the pressure to the prescribe range, and to take account of the user's release. In the second stage, according to the demand characteristics of different users, the aerobic users are divided into a stable user and a fluctuating user, the overall pressure constraint is determined, and a constraint equation is established. The global optimal solution or the bounds of the optimal solution of the assignment problem can be obtained by solving the model. The algorithm can provide the best solution to the oxygen distribution problem by using the optimal solution to plan the distribution scheme. The utility model has the advantages that the efficiency of directly distributing the oxygen to the user is high, and the oxygen utilization rate is improved and the energy is saved when the oxygen pipe network pressure in the oxygen dispatching process is within the prescribed range.

The present invention is a centralized flow control unit (CFCU) for regulating oxygen flow in a multiple user emergency oxygen distribution system in passenger aircraft. Upon activation, the CFCU initially allows unregulated flow of oxygen to surge into the distribution system to thereby purge the ambient air out of the system. After a sufficient pressure is achieved in the distribution system, the CFCU regulates the flow mechanically with a diaphragm engaging a regulator valve. The pressure of the oxygen under the diaphragm causes the regulator valve to reduce the flow of the oxygen through the CFCU. The CFCU accounts for changes in altitude by including a bleed passageway in the diaphragm. A small amount of the oxygen under the diaphragm bleeds to the chamber above the diaphragm then a bleed exit allows the oxygen to escape to the ambient air. An aneroid valve in fluid communication with the bleed exit linearly adjusts the amount of oxygen allowed to exit through the bleed exit such that less oxygen is allowed to escape for an increase in altitude. Thus the pressure above the diaphragm increases to thereby allow more oxygen to flow through the regulator valve.

A burner of a reverberatory furnace comprises a natural gas main pipe. The front end of the natural gas main pipe is connected with a spray head with a throat. The spray head with the throat comprises a spray head body and the throat. The pray head body is a hollow diffusion-type semi-closed structure with the sectional area of the end face A larger than the sectional area of the end face B, the end face A is fully open, a connecting port connected with the front end of the natural gas main pipe is formed in the end face B, the cross section of the throat is rectangular, and the throat is fixedly connected with the end face A of the spray head body. The spray head with the throat is located in an oxygen distribution chamber, the oxygen distribution chamber is a closed cavity connected with a combustion chamber, a partition plate is arranged between the oxygen distribution chamber and the combustion chamber, oxygen spray holes are distributed in the surface of the partition plate, an installing hole matched with the spray head with the throat is formed in the partition plate, the upper edge of an outlet of the spray head with the throat is fixedly connected with the upper edge of the installing hole in a sealed mode, and gap is reserved between the lower edge and the two side edges of the outlet and the partition plate. The burner is wide in flame coverage, high in fuel utilization rate and little in damage to a vault of the combustion chamber.

The invention discloses an indoor oxygenation device which belongs to a household electrical appliance. The indoor oxygenation device comprises an air compressor and an oxygen storage tank. The air compressor is respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet. The air outlet of the air compressor is connected with an air inlet of a filter, an air outlet of which is connected with an air inlet of an oxygenation pipe. An air outlet of the oxygenation pipe is connected with an inlet of the oxygen storage tank. One end of the oxygen storage tank is provided with an outlet of the oxygen storage tank. Oxygen and nitrogen in the outdoor air are separated; nitrogen is discharged outside; oxygen is conveyed indoors through an oxygen catheter; and oxygen is distributed through an oxygen distribution device to rooms where oxygen supply is needed. According to the invention, indoor oxygen content can be increased, and the air can be cleaned. The indoor oxygenation device has characteristics of small volume, low electricity consumption, low noise, high oxygen concentration, safety and reliability, and is applicable to conference rooms, gyms, offices, business hotels, indoor oxygen bars and some typical public places which have low air circulation and are densely populated.

The invention relates to compound medical molecular sieve center oxygen generation and medical compressed air integrated equipment, which comprises a main air source, an auxiliary air source and a standby air source which can continuously supply oxygen after the main air source and the auxiliary air source are shut down at the same time. The main air source, the auxiliary air source and the standby air source share one air balance tank, one oxygen balance tank and an oxygen distribution cylinder with a pressure and flow equalizing effect. The auxiliary air source is abreast arranged beside the main air source and is used for conducting auxiliary and supplementary air supply to the main air source. After the main air source and the auxiliary air source are shut down at the same time, the standby air source continuously supplies air.

An organic EL device provided with a first film, a second film disposed facing the first film, and an organic EL element interposed between the first film and the second film. The second film is provided with a gas barrier layer containing a silicon atom, an oxygen atom, and a carbon atom. The silicon distribution curve, the oxygen distribution curve and the carbon distribution curve of the gas barrier layer satisfy the following conditions: (i) the ratio of the number of silicon atoms is the second largest in a region accounting for 90 % or more in the thickness direction of the gas barrier layer; (ii) the carbon distribution curve has at least one extreme value; and (iii) the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the ratio of the number of carbon atoms is 5 atom % or more in the carbon distribution curve.