The invention discloses a multi-kind and small-quantity part production process capability index determining method based on features. The multi-kind and small-quantity part production process capability index determining method based on the features is characterized in that firstly, processing features are taken as objects, processing feature quality characteristic values which are different in size and identical in processing technology and tolerance grade are defined as the same processing feature sample, wherein the ratio of the standard deviation and the tolerance of the processing feature quality characteristic values is a constant; secondly, sample individuals are normalized, the mean values of the sample individuals are the same, namely the sample individuals conform to the same type of distribution; finally, a process capability index is calculated based on processing feature samples. According to the multi-kind and small-quantity part production process capability index determining method based on the features, the problem of sample size of multi-kind and small-quantity production is fundamentally solved, and conversion from interval estimation to point estimation of the process capability index oriented to multi-kind and small-quantity production is achieved. The obtained process capability index can be used for calculating the disqualification rate of the processing feature quality characteristic values, the processibility analysis is performed on feature design structures according to the disqualification rate, the proper design structures are selected, 100 percent detection is avoided, and the detection efficiency is improved.