Methods of increasing systemic iron availability in a human subject using
plant-derived
ferritin-bound iron are provided. In certain embodiments,
ferritin-bound iron is orally administered in an amount effective to produce sustained systemic iron
exposure characterized by measurable serum
iron levels at least 24 hours after administration. In some embodiments, administration produces a delayed peak serum iron concentration and provides controlled systemic iron delivery relative to conventional iron supplements. In certain embodiments, administration of
ferritin-bound iron results in a reduced
hepcidin response relative to
ferrous sulfate, thereby facilitating improved iron utilization. The ferritin-bound iron may be absorbed through
receptor-mediated uptake mechanisms that provide controlled
intracellular iron release and sustained systemic availability. The methods are useful for increasing systemic iron availability and for treating or preventing iron deficiency and
iron deficiency anemia in human subjects.