77 results about "Surficial sediments" patented technology

The invention relates to an ecological repairing method of eutrophicated water bodies in rivers and lakes and sediments, and provides a construction method of an organism structural system for synchronously repairing eutrophicated water bodies in rivers and lakes and sediments in situ by means of emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants, benthonic animals, fishes and microorganisms. The light enhancing oxygen-enriched organism structural system for synchronously repairing eutrophicated water bodies in rivers and lakes and sediments in situ has the double effects of synchronously and ecologically repairing polluted water bodies and sediments and providing habitats for aquatic organisms and microorganisms. The system comprises a lens reflective light enhancing surface water emergent aquatic plant survival area, a hollow prismoid free sliding middle water purifying area, a sediment-water interface submerged plant, a benthonic animal and fish survival area, a microorganism enriched intensified sediment purifying area and an oxygen-enriching fixed rod. The system provided by the invention can synchronously and ecologically repair the water bodies and the surface sediments, has the characteristics of good pollutant removing effect, stable and lasting treatment effect and the like, and is suitable for synchronously repairing water bodies in rivers and lakes and sediments in situ.

The invention relates to benthonic sampling equipment, and aims at providing a hydraulically-driven system for sampling and sealing a benthonic multibarrel columnar sample. The system comprises a plurality of tubular samplers with ball valves for sealing and a principal axis in vertical direction; a crossed hinge is movably sleeved on the principal axis; the principal axis of the upper part and the lower part of the crossed hinge is respectively provided with a principal axis anchor ear or a positioning key for limiting the moving distance of the crossed hinge; a plurality of supporting frames are fixed on a circular tube of the outer layer; the tail end of the supporting frame is a supporting pin; and the adjacent supporting frames are connected through a bracket. The benthonic sampling equipment can avoid the situation that sediment on the surface layer is dispersed and a sample is squeezed or shaken to fall off caused by the pressure wave effect before sampling and save the space and mechanism setting; simultaneously, after the sampling is finished, the benthonic sampling equipment can make the sample directly enter a pressure maintaining cylinder for pressure maintenance, realize the function of compression and pollution resistance, and keep that the sampler is always positioned in a vertical position in the seabed with complex terrain when the sampler is in a working state.

The present invention relates to a method for calculating a watershed non-point source phosphorus pollution in-river coefficient in combination with sediments and models. The method comprises: Step 1:simulating the agricultural non-point source phosphorus pollution generated load in a typical small watershed; Step 2: collecting the sediments and measuring the total phosphorus deposition flux; andStep 3: establishing a relationship between the watershed non-point source phosphorus load and the phosphorus deposition flux, and calculating the in-river coefficient. The method disclosed by the present invention has the following advantages that: 1, by establishing the relationship between the watershed phosphorus generated load and the total phosphorus deposition flux in the typical small watershed, the formula can be applied to other similar watersheds for the calculation of the phosphorus pollution generated load and can be used for the calculation of the in-river coefficient; 2, afterthe calculation formula is established, in the application watershed, only by collecting the surface sediments for measuring and mastering the phosphorus load data in the exit of the watershed can thenon-point source pollution in-river coefficient of the watershed in the current year be calculated, and the implementation is simple and easy; and 3, in combination with sediment experiments, model simulations and actual monitoring data, the results are relatively accurate.

A dig-grap type surface deposition sampler, comprised of a sampling bucket, a supporting system, a lifting system and a lengthen system; the sampling bucket is a cavity composed of a prism and a pyramid, the pyramid is formed by triangular cone flanks, the cone flanks are connected with side walls of the prism via a revolving drum, a revolving shaft and a shaft support, capable of revolving around the shaft; the supporting system is composed of a supporting rod, a bush, a first extending plate, a pressure-bearing rod and an upright rod, providing supporting effect to the sampling bucket; the lifting system is composed of a coupling rod, a lifting plate, a lifting rod, a second extending plate and a revolving rod, capable of controlling opening and closing of the sampling bucket via the supporting system, the lengthening system is composed of a lengthening bush and a lengthening lifting rod, capable of lengthening the bush and the lifting rod simultaneously which enables the sampler to adapt different water depth. This sampler has excellent performance with simple structure, convenient operation, low costs and portability and maintenance.

The invention provides an in-situ stratified sampling pipe for surface sediments and a method. The in-situ stratified sampling pipe comprises a water taking pipe, a mud taking pipe, a bottom cover, a cutting head and a plurality of stratification cutting slices, wherein the bottom of the water taking pipe is connected with the mud taking pipe, and the mud taking pipe comprises a plurality of mud taking pipe components; the cross section of the inner wall of each mud taking pipe component is in a square shape, and the bottoms of three sides of the square are provided with inward arc grooves; a sealing slot is formed in the fourth side, and the bottom cover and the cutting head are detachably connected with a base at the bottom of the mud taking pipe. The in-situ stratification of sediment samples collected by the sampling pipe and the method provided by the invention can be realized. The sampling pipe and the method provided by the invention have the advantages that the structure is simple, the operation is easy, and the carrying is convenient, the sediments can be directly stratified, the sequence fidelity of the sediment samples is realized, the sampling efficiency is high, and the sampling pipe is suitable for field operation. The sampling pipe has very good practical value and broad application prospect in the technical field of ecological environmental protection.

The invention discloses a mining system and method based on marine superficial layer blocky hydrate solid excavation. The mining system comprises a surface layer sediment stripping unit, a blocky hydrate excavating unit, a power lifting unit, a water surface supporting unit and the like; during specific implementation, firstly, seabed surface layer sediments are stripped through a seabed mining/excavating multipurpose vehicle, and combustible ice ore bodies are exposed; then blocky hydrates are excavated through a mining vehicle and are deslimed and broken, and meanwhile a strong sucking technology is adopted to convey hydrate slurry into a seabed relay warehouse through a flexible pipe; and after the hydrate slurry is stirred and subjected to still standing in the relay warehouse, silt and pure hydrates in the hydrate slurry are layered, purified hydrate slurry passes through the interior of a conveying pipeline to be lifted to a hydrate decomposing warehouse of an offshore mining ship deck through a high pressure pump to be decomposed, through a three-phase separation device, the gas phase, the liquid phase and the solid phase are separated, liquid and solids are treated and thenmeat environmental protection requirements to be discharged, and gas is dried and liquefied and then collected and stored. In short, the technical problem of mining of the blocky hydrates is solved by technological means, and large-scale continuous mining of the marine superficial layer blocky hydrates can achieved.

The invention discloses a delta deposit remote sensing detection method and device. The method comprises the following steps: sampling surface deposits on different parts of different sedimentary facies in a delta; obtaining the particle size distribution of obtained deposit sample, determining the particle size of obtained deposit sample; obtaining the reflectivity spectrum of deposit sample, re-sampling the reflectivity spectrum to obtain reflectivity spectrum that is identical with the satellite data spectral band; establishing a model representing the relationship between the particle size of the deposit and the reflectivity of the satellite data spectral band; obtaining the satellite data to establish a satellite look-up table, selecting part of satellite data; subjecting the selected part of satellite data to geometric correction, then converting the satellite data into reflectivity data; according to the spectral characteristics and textural characteristics of reflectivity data, classifying the reflectivity data, extracting the reflectivity data of surficial exposed area on the delta; predicting the percentage contents of clay, silt, and sand in the surface deposit according to the reflectivity data of surficial exposed area on the delta, and drawing a picture representing the percentage contents of clay, silt, and sand in the delta.

The invention relates to chlorite suspension rich in micro-aerobic bubbles and a method for removing odor-causing pollutants in an anaerobic water body by utilizing chlorite loaded with the micro-aerobic bubbles. After organic matter in the chlorite is removed, the chlorite is soaked in CaCl2, then is dried, is roasted for 2 to 5h at a temperature of 200 to 230 DEG C, is subjected to micropore aeration (air or ozone) in a methanol solution at normal temperature after being cooled, and is replaced into a water suspension by deionized water after being saturate so as to obtain the chlorite suspension rich in the micro-aerobic bubbles; the chlorite suspension rich in the micro-aerobic bubbles is added into the anaerobic water body so as to enable the odor-causing pollutants in the anaerobic water body to be oxidized and degraded. Compared with independent oxygen saturated aqueous solution and a soil suspension, the chlorite suspension has the advantages that the chlorite suspension comprises a great amount of micro-aerobic bubbles; the oxygen dissolving level of the chlorite suspension is multiple times of that of the common saturated aqueous solution; the rich dissolved oxygen in the suspension has the advantage of slowly releasing step by step; the chlorite suspension has an excellent effect of removing the odor-causing pollutants, such as thioether, in the local anaerobic water body and surface sediments of an urban lake or river channel.

The invention provides a method for ecologically purifying nitrogen and phosphorus in surface sediment of an aquaculture system. By using the ecological niche and life characteristics of benthic diatom and filamentous algae and through biomass proportioning and vital activity of the benthic diatom and filamentous algae, the aims of efficiently, economically and environment-friendly purifying nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediment surface layer and overlying water in an aquaculture environment are achieved.

The invention discloses an anchor type surface sediment collection device. The anchor type surface sediment collection device comprises a V-shaped groove (3), a balance orienting device, a pressing-down device and an automatic top cover opening and closing device, wherein the balance orienting device is fixed on the bottom end of the V-shaped groove (3); the pressing-down device is fixed on the central position of the top of the V-shaped groove (3); and the automatic top cover opening and closing device is used for closing and opening an opening of the V-shaped groove (3). The anchor type surface sediment collection device disclosed by the invention adopts a working principle which is similar to a boat anchor, is high in sampling success rate, is large in sample amount, is simple in structure and strong in practicability, and is good for popularization and application; the anchor type surface sediment collection device can be used for researchers of oceanography, geology, environmentology and the like to collect surface sediments so that the success rate of collecting the surface sediments reaches more than 95%.

The invention relates to the technical field of ocean monitoring, and in particular relates to a surface sediment sampling device capable of accurately controlling thickness. The device comprises a sampling depth control device, a mud scraping device, a sample storage tray and an outer bracket, wherein an opening is formed in one side of the sample storage tray; the outer bracket is arranged above the sample storage tray; the sampling depth control device is arranged at the opening side of the sample storage tray, and the upper end of the sampling depth control device is connected with the outer bracket; the sampling depth control device can move up and down; the mud scraping device is arranged in the sample storage tray and is connected with a sample storage tray rear side plate opposite to the opening side of the sample storage tray; the mud scraping device can move front and back. The surface sediment sampling device is applicable to collection of surface sediment with a certain thickness during substrate monitoring survey of oceans, rivers and lakes, the thickness of the collected sediment can be simply and conveniently controlled, and a satisfactory surface sediment sample is obtained.

The present invention discloses a device for measuring adsorption/desorption of contaminants onto surface bed sediments and a method of using the device. The measurement device includes a sediment sample disc, a sample holder, a reaction cylinder, a liquid collection cylinder, and a liquid circulating member from inside to outside, the liquid circulating member consisting of rubber pipes and a peristaltic pump. According to the method of using the device for measuring the adsorption/desorption of contaminants onto surface bed sediments, the full contact of bed sediments with pore water and the full exchange of overlying water with pore water are realized through liquid circulation without changing the arrangement modes of the bed sediments; any thickness of bed sediments can be performed on experiments, particularly for thin-layer bed sediments; and natural permeation and accelerated permeation of pore water through bed sediments can be switched simply by adjusting the flow rates of the peristaltic pump and by opening/closing of vent holes. Adsorption characteristic parameters obtained through the device and the method provide, for water quality models, data support which conforms to the natural existing condition of bed sediments and is more scientific and reasonable, and the device and the method achieve significant environmental benefits.

The invention discloses a seabed surface sediment in-situ pore water fidelity sampler and method. The sampler comprises an isolation assembly, a supporting frame and a control cabin, the isolation assembly comprises a shell internally provided with a containing cavity, an opening is formed in one side of the containing cavity, the opening is covered with a cover plate, and multiple sets of sampling holes are formed in the end face of one side of the cover plate from bottom to top; the output end of each group of sampling holes is connected with a sampling assembly, each sampling assembly comprises a pore capillary tube, a guide tube and a sampling barrel, the input end of each pore capillary tube is connected with the corresponding sampling hole, each pore capillary tube is connected withthe corresponding sampling barrel through the corresponding guide tube, an energy storage module is fixed to the supporting frame body in a surrounding mode, and the lower end of the supporting framebody is connected with the upper end of the shell; and the energy storage module is connected with the sampling barrel. According to the invention, the sampling assembly samples and stores pore waterwith different depths through the sampling holes, and constructs a seabed time-serialized multi-layer pore water sample, so as to realize high-resolution three-dimensional sampling.

The invention discloses a method for determining the source of coastal tidal flat silt by utilizing Nd-Sr isotopic tracing. The method includes the following steps: collecting multiple surface sediment samples from a potential source area of silt; collecting multiple surface sediment samples from the coastal tidal flat silt of a target area; removing salt in the samples; removing organic matters in the samples; removing secondary carbonate in the samples; levigating the samples after being dried; taking processed samples for isotopic analysis experiments. The method is more reliable than a conventional granularity feature analysis method and a conventional magnetic feature analysis method and simpler than a geochemical feature analysis method and a remote-sensing analysis method. Nd-Sr isotopes are adopted as tracer sources, so that the method has obvious tracing advantages.

The invention discloses a vertical overlying deposit layered collection device and method. The device comprises a collector, a fixing rack (2), an insertion rod (3) and a switching device (4), wherein the collector comprises a top plate (11), a back plate (12), a left side plate (13), a right side plate (14) and at least one positioning plate (15); one side of each positioning plate (15) is fixed in a fixing groove of the left side plate (13), and the other side of each positioning plate (15) is fixed in a fixing groove of the right side plate (14); through holes are formed at a part, which is positioned on the outer side of the left side plate (13), of the left end of the top plate (11) and in a part, which is positioned on the right side plate (14), of the right end of the top plate (11); and the switching device (4) comprises a left retaining door (41), a right retaining door (42) and a fixing plate (43). The collection device is adjustable in sampling thickness, accurate in sampling, convenient to operate, light in weight, detachable and convenient to carry.

The invention discloses a method for determining background values of heavy metal elements in lake or reservoir sediments, relates to the field of ecological risk evaluation, and aims at solving the problem that the heavy metal elements in lake or reservoir sediments are high in background value difficulty, high in cost and incorrect in measured background values. The method comprises the following steps: determining the boundary ranges of lake or reservoir drainage basins; dividing the lake or reservoir drainage basins into sub-drainage basins and determining outlets of the sub-drainage basins; collecting superficial sediments at the outlets of the open areas and heavy metal pollution source-free sub-drainage basins of the lakes or reservoirs as sampling samples; detecting the contents of heavy metal elements in the pre-processed samples to obtain original data; and carrying out regression analysis on the original data, selecting the data in confidence intervals as background value calculation data, and obtaining the background values of the heavy metal elements in the lake or reservoir sediments according to the distribution rule of the background value calculation data. The method provided by the invention is simple, convenient and low in cost; and the obtained background values of the heavy metal elements in the sediments are correct and scientific.

An original-position detecting device used for obtaining physical property parameter of deposit on surface of sea-bottom is prepared as fixing a water content probe on metal cylinder vertically or axially and connecting said probe to data collection and treatment unit by armoured cable as well as making probe head be extended out from said cylinder, considering to measure natural density of surface soil body simultaneously than also fixing a density probe being connected to data collection and treatment unit through armoured cable on said metal cylinder.

The invention discloses a sediment and benthic organism collecting device, and relates to the field of water ecology and environmental monitoring. The sediment and benthic organism collecting device consists of a grab bucket, a force applying rod and a stressed closed pull rod, and is applicable to collection of hard or grassy water sediments and benthic organisms. The sediment and benthic organism collecting device has the advantages as follows: through connection of the force applying rod and the grab bucket, benthic samples can be collected through manual force application; the sediment andbenthic organism collecting device not only can collect loose and soft sediment samples, but also is suitable for the collection of hard sediments, multi-gravel sediments and aquatic plants; the sediment and benthic organism collecting device improves the quantitative sampling accuracy, reduces the possibility of sediment collection failure, can meet vertical collection of surface sediments underthe condition of flowing water, is convenient to carry, easy to operate and short in sampling time, and can collect the surface sediment samples on a relatively large area at one time.

The invention discloses a black odoriferous water treatment method. The black odoriferous water treatment method comprises the following steps that exogenous solid-liquid waste is prevented from entering a polluted black odoriferous water body, and solid waste in the water body is preliminarily removed in a manual or mechanical salvage mode; after the solid waste residual body is removed and the exogenous solid-liquid waste is blocked, an activation composition is put in the black odoriferous water; the activation composition is prepared from silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, activated carbon and iron powder; then a curing agent is put in the black odoriferous water body. The black odoriferous water treatment method can effectively improve the visual effect of the water body, improves the water transparency while remarkably reducing odoriferous substrates of the water body, improves dissolved oxygen level of the water body and improves the water body and a local micro-environment of surficial sediments. A corresponding product is expected to play a good treatment effect on removal of local phytogenic water body black odoriferous substances of rivers and lakes.

The invention relates to a method for judging the pollution type of heavy metal polluted sediment in environmental protection dredging engineering. The main technical schemes are as follows: the sample bank of heavy metal content in surface sediment samples and the sample bank of heavy metal content in core sediment samples are established; The baseline values of heavy metal contents in surface sediment samples and in core sediment samples are calculated according to the data from the sample bank; According to the baseline values, the non-point source pollution status of heavy metals in surface sediment and the point source pollution status of heavy metals in surface sediment are judged; the relative proportion of point source pollution to non-point source pollution is calculated, and theheavy metal pollution type of sediment is judged. The method solves the technical problems that the existing risk assessment methods of heavy metal pollution in sediments are unable to reflect the pollution types of heavy metals in sediments, and is helpful to determine and further formulate targeted countermeasures to avoid the problems of over-protection and under-protection.

The invention discloses a seabed surface sediment fidelity sampler which comprises an in-situ sampling packaging module and a pressure maintaining module, the in-situ sampling packaging module comprises a penetration assembly, a sampling assembly and a pressure sensor, the sampling assembly comprises an air bag and a sampling barrel, the upper end of the sampling barrel is connected with a sealingend cover, and a water storage cavity is formed in the lower end of the sealing end cover; the lower end of the water storage cavity is connected with a flow stopping channel, the lower end of the flow stopping channel is connected with a water inlet channel, the inner wall of the flow stopping channel is obliquely arranged, a one-way ball is arranged in the flow stopping channel, the diameter ofthe one-way ball is larger than the inner diameter of the water inlet channel, the lower end of the water inlet channel is connected with the storage cavity, a coarse filter screen is arranged between the water inlet channel and the storage cavity, the lower end of the storage cavity is connected with a high-pressure valve set, and the lower end of the high-pressure valve set is connected with the injection assembly. According to the invention, the penetration assembly drives the sampling assembly to penetrate into the surface layer of the seabed, so that sediments and overlying water enter the sampling cylinder, are layered by the coarse filter screen, and are respectively stored in the storage cavity and the water removal cavity.

The present invention discloses an acquisition apparatus used for an overlying deposit, and relates to the technical field of environment detection. The present invention comprises a box. A fixing plate is fixedly connected on the box. A feed screw nut is connected on the fixing plate in a sliding manner. A lead screw nut is fixed inside a through hole. A sampling box slot is disposed on a lower side face of the box. A sampling box is connected inside the sampling box slot in a sliding manner. A sliding chute is opened on one pair of opposite inner walls of the box. A pressing plate is connected between the two sliding chutes in a sliding manner. A box cover is connected at an open side of the sampling box in a sliding manner. A top plate is hinged on an outer side face of the other end ofthe sampling box, and the other end of the top plate is hinged with the pressing plate. The pressing plate is rotatablely connected to a lead screw cooperating with the lead screw nut. The box coveris rotatablely connected to a feed screw cooperating with the feed screw nut. According to the acquisition apparatus, the sampling box is connected in the box in a sliding manner, the sampling box protrudes out to sample a deposit, and the box cover is used for protecting the sampled deposit, thereby resolving a problem that detection accuracy is affected because mixing and interference are easilycaused between layers during current deposit sampling.