An oil cylinder and connecting rod drive system for a compounded transmission hydraulic machine comprises a symmetric connecting rod force amplifier and a hydraulic machine oil cylinder. The symmetric connecting rod force amplifier is composed of four connecting rod mechanisms in two symmetric groups on the left side and the right side. Each connecting rod mechanism is composed of a toggle rod, a toggle pin, a force exerting rod, a force exerting pin, a drive rod, a drive pin and a hinge pin, wherein the toggle rod is connected with an upper cross beam of the hydraulic machine through the toggle pin, the drive rod is connected with a small slide rest of the hydraulic machine through the drive pin, the force exerting rod is connected with a slide block of the hydraulic machine through the force exerting pin, the toggle rod, the drive rod and the force exerting rod are connected through the hinge pin, the slide block of the hydraulic machine is driven by the hydraulic machine oil cylinder, and reciprocating movement of the hydraulic machine is achieved. The oil cylinder and connecting rod drive system for the compounded transmission hydraulic machine has the advantages that the drive system is compact in structure and high in efficiency, the radial component force is balanced by adoption of the symmetric connecting rod mechanisms and connecting rod small slide rest guide pillars, an eccentric load in the operating process of the hydraulic machine can be effectively overcome, the high precision of the slide block is maintained, and the installed capacity is decreased.