The invention discloses a whole process management and control-based environment sampling management system and method. The system comprises an environment sampling whole process management system, a laboratory data management system, a background database management system, one or more embedded system secondary development-based field sampling handheld management terminals, one or more cloud information distribution systems, one or more directed wireless data reception/transmission ends, one or more remote sampling terminals and one or more remote sampling tools, wherein the one or more cloud information distribution systems are supplied to the public for accessing environment sampling test data and reports, and the one or more directed wireless data reception/transmission ends are used for field short-distance data transmission. According to the system and method disclosed by the invention, the whole process management and control in an environment sampling process can be realized by utilizing technological means such as real-time video uploading, two-dimensional code encryption and task pushing.