140results about How to "High durability" patented technology

A non-aqueous electrolyte for a secondary battery includes a solvent and an electrolyte containing a lithium salt. The solvent contains 4-fluoroethylene carbonate and a chain carboxylic ester represented by the formula R₁COOR₂, where R₁ and R₂ are alkyl groups having 3 or less carbon atoms. The amount of the 4-fluoroethylene carbonate is 7 volume % or greater with respect to the total amount of the solvent.

An ink jet head is formed with a nozzle surface having a liquid repellent characteristic. The nozzle surface comprises a condensation product made from a hydrolyzable silane compound having a fluorine containing group and a hydrolyzable silane compound having a cationic polymerizable group.

The present invention provides a catalyst comprising particles of one or more catalytic metals supported on a porous carrier made of one or more metal oxides, wherein the porous carrier is made of an oxide containing a rare earth oxide, and that the catalytic metal particles are made of one or more transition metals or transition metal oxides having 10 to 50000 atoms. In the present invention, cluster-like catalyst particles are supported on a specific carrier. The catalyst of the present invention maintains desirable activity while changing the morphology of catalyst particles by the atmosphere of the catalyst.

A method and apparatus for making a metallic nanofiber structure are disclosed. The method includes the steps of: providing a first solution including a first material and a second material, wherein the second material includes at least one metal; forming the first solution into composite fibers including the first material and the second material; and removing the first material from the composite fibers under conditions effective to produce a metallic nanofiber structure that includes a plurality of metallic nanofibers. Also disclosed are metallic nanofiber structures prepared according to a process of the present invention, which can be used as fuel cell catalysts. Fuel cells containing electrodes that include these metallic nanofiber structures are also disclosed.

A ceramic heater which includes: a cylindrical substrate including an insulator; a resistor provided in one end side of the substrate; a pair of lead parts provided in the substrate, connected to the resistor and extending to an opposite end side of the substrate; and a pair of electrode parts exposed to a surface at an opposite end side of the substrate and connected respectively to the lead parts. Both lead parts are made of the same material as both electrode parts. An axial cross-sectional area of the electrode part is equal to or larger than a cross-sectional area of the lead part in a direction perpendicular to an axis of the ceramic heater.

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a multi-layered structure includes:

• • a) a water-impermeable substrate;
  • b) a first layer on at least one surface of the substrate comprising a water-based tie-layer composition;
  • c) a second layer formed over the first layer, wherein the second layer is a water-based ink-receptive composition includes:
    • i) a multivalent metal salt; and
    • ii) a hydrophilic binder polymer;
  • d) a third layer including at least one water-based ink composition deposited in a single pass by an inkjet printing process, wherein the water-based ink composition includes an anionically stabilized, water-dispersible pigment; and
  • e) additional layers deposited over the one or more ink layers and exposed second layer, the additional layers selected from one or more of the following compositions:
    • i) an opaque white layer;
    • ii) a protective layer; and
    • iii) an adhesive layer, further includes a continuous protective plastic or paper layer adhered thereto.

Provided is an organic light emitting device including: a pair of electrodes including an anode and a cathode; and at least one layer formed of an organic compound interposed between the pair of electrodes, in which the at least one layer formed of the organic compound layer contains at least one kind of the carbazole derivative represented by the following general formula (I). The organic light emitting device has an optical output with extremely high efficiency and a high luminance and has an extremely high durability.

Provided is an optical film laminate with a thinner thickness having an optical compensation function. According to the present invention is provided an optical film laminate comprising (i) a positive C plate comprising a liquid crystal material having a photosensitive group and (ii) a positive A plate, an optically biaxial plate, or an O plate, these plate comprising a liquid crystal material having a photosensitive group; wherein the both plates are directly bonded with each other to be firmly laminated without adhesive.

A sheet for solar cell encapsulant including (A) an ethylene copolymer selected from 1a to 5a; and (B) an ethylene copolymer selected from 1b to 3b, the copolymer (A) having a melting point of 90° C. or higher and containing constituent unit derived from ethylene [1a: ethylene-vinyl acetate (VA) copolymer, 2a: ethylene-acrylate copolymer, 3a: high-pressure method low-density polyethylene, 4a: ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, 5a: ethylene-G(M)A copolymer other than the below-described 1b, 1b: ethylene-G(M)A copolymer, 2b: ethylene-VA-G(M)A copolymer, 3b: ethylene-acrylate-G(M)A copolymer]. In the ethylene copolymer (B), the total ratio of the constituent unit derived from glycidyl(meth)acrylate (G(M)A) is preferably from 2% to 30% by mass. As a result of this, crosslinking treatment is substantially unnecessary, and practical adhesion and adhesion stability are achieved without heat treatment for crosslinking.

A spring with high durability has a coating film composed of an epoxy resin powder coating containing softening agent which contains an epoxy resin and a softening agent comprising a thermoplastic resin for improving impact resistance of the coating film. A method of coating a spring with high durability comprises a coating step of making an epoxy resin powder coating containing softening agent which contains an epoxy resin and a softening agent comprising a thermoplastic resin for improving impact resistance of a coating film adhere to a surface on which the coating film is formed, and a baking step of baking the epoxy resin powder coating containing softening agent adhered to the surface.

A contact slidable structure is formed between a resilient terminal and a terminal electrode. The terminal electrodes and are disposed on the ceramic element. The resilient terminals and are resiliently deformed and forced to press the terminal electrodes and. The ceramic element has the ceramic body, inner leads and formed inside the ceramic body, terminal electrodes and disposed on the outer surfaces and, and conductive through holes and electrically connecting the inner leads and with the terminal electrodes and, respectively. In the ceramic element, the resilient terminals and are placed slidably on the outer surfaces and of the terminal electrodes and to form the contact slidable structure, and the conductive through holes and are not formed within the contact slidable areas and to the terminal electrodes and, respectively.

A method of operating a fuel cell at an operating temperature below about 150 degrees Celsius, wherein the fuel cell has an anode and a cathode with an electrolyte interposed therebetween, the cathode having at least one surface in contact with a cathode chamber having a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and the anode in contact with an anode chamber having a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and the electrolyte containing less than about 500 ppm of a catalyst capable of enhancing the formation of radicals from hydrogen peroxide. The method includes the steps of applying a fuel to the anode chamber; applying an oxidant to the cathode chamber; and controlling the amount of water supplied to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber such that water vapor pressure is sub-saturated at the operating temperature at the gas outlet of the cathode chamber. Also disclosed is an apparatus comprising sensors to measure outlet relative humidity of the gas outlets of a fuel cell and a means to control the relative humidity on the gas inlets of a fuel cell, such that the apparatus can control the relative humidity of the gas inlets to maintain an average relative humidity in the fuel cell of less than 100%.

The invention discloses a welding rod for welding of martensite heat-resistant steel and belongs to the technical field of welding materials. The welding rod consists of a core wire and a coating, wherein the core wire is prepared from components in percentage by weight as follows: 0.07%-0.10% of C, less than or equal to 0.3% of Si, 0.3%-0.7% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.004% of P, less than or equal to 0.002% of S, 8.5%-9.5% of Cr, 2.8%-3.3% of W, 2.8%-3.5% of Co, 0.04%-0.08% of Nb, 0.15%-0.25% of V, 0.8%-1.0% of Cu, 0.007%-0.011% of N, 0.011%-0.020% of B and the balance of Fe; the coating is prepared from components as follows: 30%-45% of marble, 18%-25% of fluorite, 5%-10% of rutile, 10%-16% of barium carbonate, 5%-10% of ferrotitanium, 1.5%-3% of electrolytic manganese, 5%-10% of iron powder, 0.4%-0.8% of sodium carbonate, 0.4%-0.8% of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.8%-3% of chromium metal powder. The welding rod has the advantages that the arc is stable during welding, few splashes are caused, the all-position operability is good, the slag detachability is good, formed welds are attractive in appearance, and deposited metal after welding has high strength and high toughness close to that of a parent metal, higher endurance strength and excellent crack sensitivity.

Disclosed is an organic photoelectric conversion element which has a reverse layer structure wherein at least a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer and a second electrode are arranged on a substrate in this order. The organic photoelectric conversion element is characterized in that: the photoelectric conversion layer is a bulk heterojunction layer that is composed of a p-type organic semiconductor material and an n-type organic semiconductor material; and a compound that has a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl group having 6-20 carbon atoms is contained as the p-type organic semiconductor material.

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member 2 including a conductive body 20, a photoconductive layer 22 formed on the conductive body 20 using amorphous silicon, and a surface layer 23 formed on the photoconductive layer using amorphous silicon. The present invention further relates to an image forming apparatus provided with the electrophotographic photosensitive member 2. The photoconductive layer 22 has a mean roughness Ra of not more than 10 nm per 10 μm square. The surface layer 23, without undergoing grinding process, has a mean roughness Ra of not more than 10 nm per 10 μm square.

A surgical device, an outer tube, an endoscope, and a treatment tool that have a compact configuration and achieve high durability are provided. The outer tube includes a slider in an outer tube body. When the endoscope and the treatment tool are inserted into the outer tube, and are held by an endoscope holding part and a treatment tool holding part each being provided in the slider, and are combined into a single unit. Consequently, when the treatment tool is moved in the axial direction, the endoscope is moved in the axial direction in interlock with the movement. Because the outer tube is configured such that the endoscope exit port has an inner diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the elastic member provided to hold the endoscope at the endoscope holding part, the strength of the endoscope can be secured while preventing interference with the treatment tool.

A multi-layer piezoelectric element having high durability of which amount of displacement is suppressed from varying even when operated continuously over a long period of time with a higher electric field under a high pressure is provided.

The multi-layer piezoelectric element comprising a multi-layer structure in which a plurality of piezoelectric material layers and a plurality of metal layers are stacked alternately one on another, wherein the plurality of metal layers comprises internal electrodes and low-rigidity metal layer that has rigidity lower than those of the piezoelectric material layer and the internal electrode, wherein the low-rigidity metal layer comprises a plurality of metal parts that are separated from each other, and wherein at least one of the metal parts is bonded with only one piezoelectric material layer among the two piezoelectric material layers that adjoin in the stacking direction.

A gas sensor element includes a main body and a protective layer. The main body has four plane portions and four corner portions each of which is formed between one adjacent pair of the plane portions. The four corner portions include a pair of first corner portions that are formed on a porous diffusion-resistant layer side in a lamination direction of the main body and a pair of second corner portions that are formed on a heater layer side in the lamination direction. The protective layer is comprised of an inner protective layer that covers at least the first corner portions of the main body and an outer protective layer that covers the entire outer periphery of the main body and the inner protective layer. The protective layer has a larger average thickness at the first corner portions than at the plane portions of the main body.

Provided is an optical apparatus having high durability, less optical absorption than a hole-type metal thin film filter, high transmittance and high reflectance, and variable optical characteristics. The apparatus includes: a dielectric substrate; a metal structure group including multiple metal structures two-dimensionally and discretely disposed at regular intervals; and a dielectric layer covering the metal structure group, in which: the metal structures have a first length equal to or shorter than a predetermined wavelength in a visible light region in one direction, and a second length equal to or shorter than the wavelength in a perpendicular direction; and the metal structures resonates with light entering the dielectric substrate or the dielectric layer, having a variable dielectric constant, to generate localized surface plasmon resonance on a surface of the metal structures to have a minimum transmittance or a maximum reflectance of the light having the wavelength.

A reflector member of the present invention includes a silver thin film formed on a substrate and a silicon nitride protection film formed on the silver thin film. The silver thin film has the (111) orientation as the principal plane orientation. Preferably, 99% or more of the silver thin film has the (111) orientation as the principal plane orientation. The thickness of the silver thin film is in a range of 100 nm to 350 nm.

A sliding bearing having excellent initial conformability and seizure resistance as well as high durability and heat resistance is provided. A sliding bearing comprising a coating layer containing a resin and a solid lubricant formed on a bearing alloy layer, characterized in that the resin of said coating layer is a resin having a glass transition temperature of from 150° C. to 250° C. which has a great elongation at high temperatures.

There is provided a porous formed article which can remove hazardous substances at a high speed, has a high adsorption capacity and has high durability to cleaning chemicals and further which is scarcely broken even if being repeatedly used, and which contains an organic polymeric resin and an inorganic ion-adsorbing material, wherein the organic polymeric resin is a polyether sulfone resin and/or a polysulfone resin, and is an organic polymeric resin having a hydroxyl group.

A washable air filter for an internal combustion engine which has high durability and can be washed with ease to reuse it is disclosed. The washable air filter includes an outer cylindrical member 10; an inner cylindrical member 11; a first filter element 30 formed from a stainless mesh sheet which is folded in a pleated-form having peaks and valleys arranged alternately and provided between the outer cylindrical member 10 and the inner cylindrical member 11; and a second filter element 33 provided between the outer cylindrical member 10 and the first tilter element 30. Since the washable air filter uses the filter element made from the stainless mesh sheet, it is possible to effectively remove dust particles from air. Further, the washable air filter can be reused because dust particles are removed off the filter element by washing after use.

An apparatus for function testing rack and pinion systems having a linear servo motor. A single actuator provides force to both ends of the rack and a linear motor to provide resistive force to the rack. The linear motor is used to apply the required forces. In a preferred embodiment, the actuator is a generally “U” shaped structure mounted onto a linear motor stage. A force transducer is placed at each end of the generally “U” shaped structure between the structure and the rack to monitor the force being applied to the rack.

A method and apparatus for covering a roll core with a polymeric material, preferably a high performance thermoplastic material, is disclosed. The method includes first providing a cylindrical roll core having two ends, a length, and an outer surface. A spacer assembly is attached proximate one end of the roll core, the spacer assembly having a circumference greater than that of the roll core. After preheating to a desired temperature, the roll core is then placed within an apparatus in a substantially vertical orientation and held therein by suitable fixtures, e.g., opposed universal chucks. A length of mold tape is helically wound over the length of the roll core in a spaced-apart relationship therewith to define an application zone between the mold tape and the roll core outer surface. A filament formed of the polymeric material is extruded within the application zone and helically wound over the roll core outer surface so that the roll core is covered with the material. Localized heating is applied to the roll core surface just prior to the application of the filament to improve bonding to the roll core surface. The mold tape acts as a supportive form to prevent sagging of the extruded material prior to solidifying. The wound extruded material is allowed to solidify in a temperature controlled manner to be hardened to form a continuous layer over the length of the roll core. Finally, the mold tape is removed. The resulting covered roll fabricated in accordance with this method has minimal residual stresses and a has a higher tensile strength, compression strength and impact strength. The resulting covered roll also has a glass transition temperature, greater durability, more suitable Young's modulus, and a longer lifespan than prior art covered rolls. The covered roll fabricated in accordance with this method also performs consistently under extremely high pressures, high heating conditions and high speed conditions.

An exhaust gas sensor inhibits a detecting part of an exhaust gas sensor from being exposed to water and has high detection accuracy and high durability. The exhaust gas sensor has a sensor body and a protective cover. The sensor body has an outer housing. The outer housing has a plurality of gas inlets. A gas detection element for detecting a component of the exhaust gas (e.g., oxygen) disposed within the outer housing. The protective cover has a cylindrical shape and has a plurality of protrusions at its opposing ends. The protrusions provide a tight fit with the outer housing. The protective cover is attached to the outer periphery of the outer housing without closing gas inlets formed through the outer cylinder by press-fitting the outer cylinder into the protective cover.

A reaction turbine has channels formed in the top surface of a disc to create nozzles. The channels can be covered by a membrane sealed to the disc or by the housing extended from a combustor. Each channel may have a first section extending radially outwardly from an inlet of the reaction turbine and a second curved section extending from the first section to a periphery of the disc. A reaction turbine may also receive input from an impulse turbine. Fluid flows through the impulse turbine and fluid from the impulse turbine enters an inlet of the reaction turbine. The reaction turbine may have cooling channels and cooling fins to lower the temperature of the disc during operation. In addition, magnets may provide bearing support and electricity generation. In addition, the reaction turbine may have a dual shaft construction, with each shaft connected to a reaction turbine. One reaction turbine powers a compressor, while the second reaction turbine powers a load through the second shaft.