The invention discloses a street lamp real-time control system. The street lamp real-time control system comprises a primary controller, a light sensing module, a solar module, a primary signal processing module, a secondary controller, an infrared detecting module, a secondary signal processing module, a tertiary controller, a PM2.5 detection module, a tertiary signal processing module and a central controller, wherein the primary controller, the light sensing module, the solar module and the primary signal processing module are arranged on a street lamp, the secondary controller, the infrared detecting module and the secondary signal processing module are arranged on a road section, the tertiary controller, the PM2.5 detection module and the tertiary signal processing module are arrangedin an area center, and the central controller is arranged in a remote control center. The invention further provides a street lamp real-time control method. The street lamp real-time control system has the advantages that the street lamp can be controlled to be switched on and switched off according to environments and requirements in real time, many control modes are set, energy waste is avoided, and the timeliness and accuracy of control are also improved.