The invention discloses a seed appearance quality detection device and method. The seed appearance quality detection device comprises a touch display, a drawer objective table, a five-channel camera, a matched light source and a host area which form a case frame, the touch display is obliquely embedded in the top of the case frame, the drawer objective table is arranged in the middle of the case frame, the matched light source is arranged above the drawer objective table, a five-channel camera is arranged in the middle of the upper portion of the matched light source and at the bottom of the touch display, an LED backlight plate is arranged below the drawer objective table, and a host area used for power supply and data processing is arranged behind the case frame. According to the method, accurate and intelligent optimization and quality grading of batch seeds are achieved, detection efficiency is improved, data indexes such as the breakage rate, the lesion rate and the impurity rate of the batch seeds are comprehensively and objectively analyzed and judged, practicability is high, screening accuracy is high, automatic detection analysis is achieved, so production enterprises are helped to greatly save the detection cost and improve the seed source quality.