The invention relates to an air power collecting and discharging type precision seed 
sowing device, which is characterized by comprising a shell, a sealing cover plate, a seed 
sowing roller, a pressure relief wheel, a seed 
bed screen, a seed cleaning shifting finger, a seed guiding 
pipe, an 
impurity collecting plate and a seed stopping plate, wherein the shell is connected with the sealing cover plate by virtue of bolts, the seed 
sowing roller is arranged in the shell to form an operation 
air chamber, an air supply chamber and a seed chamber, the seed chamber is internally provided with an air supply 
pipe, the seed 
bed screen is arranged at a 
critical position of the air supply chamber and the operation 
air chamber, and the air supply chamber provides air flow for the operation 
air chamber by virtue of the seed 
bed screen and the air supply 
pipe; the seed cleaning shifting finger is arranged in the operation air chamber, is close to the roller in a gap and is in an L shape, a shorter side of the seed cleaning shifting finger is in a 
right trapezoid shape, and relative position between a bevelled edge of the trapezoid and a seed attaching hole can be adjusted by virtue of a seed cleaning shaft fixedly connected with the shorter side; the pressure relief wheel is arranged inside the seed sowing roller and is close to the interior of the roller by virtue of a tension spring; and the inlet of the seed guiding pipe is close to the roller in the gap and is dead against a contact point of the pressure relief wheel and the roller. The precision seed sowing device realizes centralized precision seed sowing, seed attaching 
pressure difference and a seed sending air flow are provided by virtue of a 
positive pressure system, a seed layer is disturbed by utilizing the air flow, and seed filling probability is improved. The precision seed sowing device is applicable to precision seed sowing of large-row-spacing crops such as corn and soybean.