The invention provides an air-suction type spiral grooved wheel seed sowing device, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery sowing machinery. The air-suction type spiral grooved wheel seed sowing device structurally consists of a shell, a blocking sleeve, a blocking sleeve end cover, a seed sowing shaft, a seed sowing wheel, an adjusting sleeve, an air suction pipeline, a seedsowing wheel end cover, an electromagnetic vibrator, an adjusting handle, a seed protecting plate, an air suction chamber, a zero pressure area, a seed guiding device and a baffle plate. The air-suction type spiral grooved wheel seed sowing device is simple in structure and clear in working principle, and is simple and easy to implement; by a spiral groove structure of the seed sowing wheel, thephenomenon of seed sowing pulsation can be reduced; meanwhile, by an air suction structure, the seed filling performance is improved; by the electromagnetic vibrator, the seed sowing uniformity of theseed sowing device is improved effectively; by the adjusting sleeve, the size of an opening of a spiral groove can be adjusted, and the seed sowing quantity is controlled; and by the seed guiding device, the plant spacing is uniform and accurate after seeds are fed, the plant spacing yield of the seeds is greatly increased, and the market prospect is wide.