The invention discloses a design scheme of a direct-current countercurrent hole channel type heat exchanger/evaporator. According to the design scheme, specially-made circular, oval or long circular hole channels arranged in a heat exchange unit are used for direct-current countercurrent heat exchange, and heat exchange between hole channels of small holes or micro holes mainly based on multilayermetal heat conduction and heat convection is achieved, so that the heat transfer coefficient is high, the heat transfer energy efficiency is good, the heat stress is small, the heat transfer temperature difference is small, heat can be safely and stably transferred between the hole channels under the superhigh temperature and superhigh pressure conditions, high efficiency, simplicity, safety andreliability are achieved, and pipe breaking and water loss accidents of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger under the working conditions of ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure can be avoided; compared with a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with the same heat transfer capacity, the size, weight and manufacturing cost of the direct-current countercurrent pore channel type heat exchanger are reduced by more than one third, and heat transfer under the severe condition that the extremely high temperature is not higher than 1000 DEG C or the extremely high pressure is not higher than 1000 kg issupported; and the direct-current countercurrent hole channel type heat exchanger belongs to the technical field of heat transfer equipment and is mainly applied to the fields of nuclear power and thermal power, petrochemical engineering, chemical medicine, metallurgical hydrogen production and the like.