The invention discloses a commodity anti-counterfeiting traceability method based on a block chain technology. The method at least comprises the following steps of information acquisition, informationmarking, authentication ID generation, data storage, access instruction receiving and access frequency comparison. According to the method, commodity anti-counterfeiting traceability is innovativelycompleted through a block chain technology, so that a user using the method can store the content of data in situ, and hash values in one-to-one correspondence with the data, identity identification information of the user and basic attribute data of target file data are associated and stored in a trusted block chain; therefore, the original creation and attribution of the data can be proved whilethe data leakage is avoided, and meanwhile, the corresponding certificate storage certificate is generated, and therefore a way for proving and verifying the certificate is provided for other people.More importantly, decentralization is realized by using a block chain technology, so that the data is real, credible and tamper-resistant, the commercial privacy data protection is protected, and theauthority and credibility of the platform and the enterprise participation enthusiasm are guaranteed.