30results about How to "Reduce membrane resistance" patented technology

There is provided an ion-exchange membrane comprising an ion-exchange layer made of a cationic polymer and/or an anionic polymer and a supporting layer, wherein the ion-exchange layer is formed on the supporting layer by printing. Such an ion-exchange membrane exhibits excellent anti-organic fouling and low membrane resistance, thereby high efficient and long-time stable electrodialysis can be achieved. Formation of the ion-exchange layer as a charge-mosaic layer consisting of the cationic polymer domains and the anionic polymer domains provides a charge-mosaic membrane exhibiting excellent electrolyte permselectivity and mechanical strength.

At least one exemplary embodiment is directed to a device that includes a membrane and a collapsible electroactive polymer element, where the element is in an expanded configuration without voltage application and is in a collapsed configuration with a voltage application, where the element is covered by the membrane.

There are provided an ion-exchange polymer including a structure represented by the following General Formula (1) and a production method therefor, an electrolyte membrane and a production method therefor, and a composition for producing an ion-exchange polymer.

In a case where the sum of a1, b1, and c1 is 1.000, a1 is 0.000 to 0.750, b1 is 0.240 to 0.990, and c1 is 0.001 to 0.100. L represents an alkylene group, L¹ and L² each represent a divalent linking group, R¹ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R² and R³ each represent an alkyl group or an allyl group, X¹⁻ and X²⁻ each represent an inorganic or organic anion, and Y represents a halogen atom. Z¹ represents —O— or —NRa—, and Ra represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.

Disclosed is an electrolyte membrane which is slowly degraded by a peroxide occurring at an air electrode catalyst layer, is low in cost, and is long in life, and a membrane electrode assembly. The electrolyte membrane has a first electrolyte layer which has an ion conductivity, a second electrolyte layer which has an ion conductivity, and, upon surface contact with methanol, is thicker than the first electrolyte layer, has a larger ion exchange equivalent, or a larger number average molecular weight, and a porous layer which has an ion conductive electrolyte impregnated therein, formed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.

A separator for a wound electrochemical device comprising an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane having pores defining an internal surface area, the internal surface area being substantially coated with a pore coating agent, the separator having a longitudinal modulus of greater than 20,000 lbs/in².

The present invention has as an object to produce a thinner electrolyte layer in a solid oxide type fuel cell. In a solid oxide type fuel cell, a solid oxide electrolyte layer 110 is grown on the surface of a hydrogen-permeable metal layer 120. A structure is provided for preventing interlayer separation of the hydrogen-permeable metal layer 120 and the electrolyte layer 110 due to expansion of the hydrogen-permeable metal layer 120 during permeation of hydrogen. As the separation preventing mechanism, there can be employed a structure that prevents expansion of the hydrogen-permeable metal layer 120, or a structure wherein the electrolyte layer is divided to ameliorate stress during expansion. By so doing, the electrolyte layer can be thinned sufficiently.

The invention relates to the field of polymeric separation membrane, in particular to nanocellulose-compound nanofiltration membrane (CNF-NF). The nanocellulose-compound nanofiltration membrane (CNF-NF) comprises base membrane, a main supporting layer and a separation skin layer which are sequentially arranged, wherein pore diameters of the base membrane, the main supporting layer and the separation skin layer decrease progressively; a water-based binder located between the base membrane and the main supporting layer is arranged on the main supporting layer; and the base membrane, the main supporting layer and the separation skin layer are polyacrylonitrile membrane, a cellulose nanocrystalline layer and a polyamide layer respectively. The nanocellulose-compound nanofiltration membrane (CNF-NF) is of a multi-layer compound structure, wherein cellulose nanocrystalline is a one-dimensional nanometer material, and has good hydrophilicity, mechanical strength and resistance to swelling; byintroducing the cellulose nanocrystalline middle layer, physical support can be provided for the skin layer; and a production process of the nanofiltration membrane is simple to operate and mild in reaction condition, and the nanofiltration membrane has a good industrial production basis and wide application prospects.

Thin film composite membrane with nano-sized bubbles having enhanced membrane permeability, preparation methods and uses thereof are provided. The method of preparation of a thin film composite membrane, comprising: a) an aqueous solution containing at least an amine, and b) an organic solution containing at least a polyfunctional acyl halide, an additive or soluble gas being present in a) and/or b), or a nano-bubble generator or ultrasound are used to generate nano-bubbles in a) and/or b). Interfacial polymerization of a) and b) occurs at or near the surface of a porous support membrane. The advantage of creating nano-sized bubbles in the separating layer of membrane is that it can reduce membrane resistance without sacrificing the mechanical strength and stability of the membrane so as to improve its water permeability, salt rejection and antifouling. In addition, the process is simple to adopt while performance improvement of the membrane is remarkable.

Disclosed is an ion-selective electrode having excellent mechanical strength, excellent durability, low membrane resistance and good ion response accuracy. This ion-selective electrode comprises a response glass membrane which has ion selectivity and is made of an oxynitride glass containing Li.

This invention provides a redox fuel cell comprising an anode and a cathode separated by an ion selective polymer electrolyte membrane; means for supplying a fuel to the anode region of the cell; means for supplying an oxidant to the cathode region of the cell; means for providing an electrical circuit between the anode and the cathode; a non-volatile catholyte solution flowing fluid communication with the cathode, the catholyte solution comprising a polyoxometallate redox couple being at least partially reduced at the cathode in operation of the cell, and at least partially re-generated by reaction with the oxidant after such reduction at the cathode, the catholyte solution comprising at least one counterion for the polyoxometallate redox couple wherein the at least one counterion comprises one or more divalent ions.

Provided are a tubule bundle (2) formed by arranging and layering a plurality of heat-conducting tubules (1) through which a heating medium liquid is passed; sealing members (3a-3c), at which both ends of the heat-conducting tubules are exposed and that, in addition, seal the tubule bundle, forming a blood flow path (5) that passes blood so that it contacts the outer surface of each heat-conducting tubule; a housing (4) that, in addition to housing the sealing members and the tubule bundle, is provided with a blood inlet (8) and an outlet (9) that are positioned respectively at the two ends of the blood flow path; and a pair of heat-conducting tubule headers (6, 7) that form flow chambers (14a, 14b, 15a, 15b) to enclose the two ends of the tubule bundle respectively and have a heating medium liquid inlet port (6a) and an outlet port (7a). The tubule bundle is partitioned into a plurality of sets of tubule bundle units (12a-12c), and the heat-conducting tubule headers are constructed so that the heating medium liquid is passed successively through the plurality of sets of tubule bundle units. While increasing the flow rate of the heating medium liquid flowing through the heat-conducting tubules and controlling the increase in blood flow path volume, the heat exchange efficiency is improved.

An object of the present invention is to provide a polymer electrolyte fuel cell capable of producing a high output without causing a drop or instability of the cell voltage of the fuel cell and a generating system having the polymer electrolyte fuel cell mounted thereon.

A fuel cell system, wherein if, in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell having a cell comprising separators sandwiching an electrolyte membrane and electrodes, a temperature (Tmax) at which a standard deviation of a cell voltage begins to increase when water content retained in the cell is increased under conditions under which a cell temperature, a gas entrance dew point, and a current are specified and the temperature (Tmin) at which an average value of the cell voltage begins to drop when the gas dew point is decreased under conditions under which the cell temperature, gas entrance dew point, and current are specified are defined, the water content retained in the cell satisfies: upper limit of a maximum amount of water retained in a cell≧water content retained in a cell≧lower limit of a maximum amount of water retained in a cell is provided.

A self-supported ion exchange membrane including a polymerized and crosslinked monomer, where the monomer includes: a least one ionic group, a polymerized group, and a silicate group; and a polymer chemically bonded to crosslinked monomer through the silicate group.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-strength anti-aging anti-clogging reinforced composite geotextile, which comprises the following steps of by taking a polypropylene synthetic fiber and glass fiber mixed needling non-woven fabric and a polyester woven fabric as base materials, uniformly coating a modified polyvinylidene fluoride emulsion on the non-woven fabric through a padding method to form a micron-scale microporous film. Fine gravel waste residue particles are effectively intercepted and prevented from leaking out, meanwhile, the water filtering flux of the composite geotextile is improved, and clogging of the composite geotextile is prevented, graphene oxide is added in the polyvinylidene fluoride emulsion synthesis process, hydrophilic modification of graphene oxide on the emulsion is remarkable, the water filtering flux is also greatly improved, a large number of oxygen-containing groups also reduce the film resistance of film formation of the emulsion, pollutants are not easy to deposit on the surface of the film and in film holes, improvement of the anti-pollution performance of the film, maintenance of stable permeability and reduction of clogging are facilitated, and meanwhile, an ultraviolet screening agent nano TiO2 is added, so that the composite geotechnical cloth is endowed with an excellent anti-aging function.

The present invention discloses a membrane for direct liquid fuel cell comprising a porous film and a crosslinked hydrocarbon-based anion exchange resin filled in the pores of the porous film, in which the amino exchange resin has a quaternary ammonium group as an anion exchange group, wherein the membrane is characterized by having a membrane thickness of 5 to 60 μm, a membrane resistance as measured in a wet condition of 40° C. by an alternating impedance method, of 0.005 to 1.2 Ω·cm², and a methanol permeability at 25° C. of 30 to 800 g·m⁻²·hr⁻¹.

Disclosed is a method for producing a membrane for direct liquid fuel cells, wherein a polymerizable composition is brought into contact with a porous membrane so that voids of the porous membrane are filled with the polymerizable composition, then the polymerizable composition is cured by polymerization, and after that a halogenoalkyl group in the resin membrane is converted into a quaternary ammonium group. In this method, the polymerizable composition contains (a) an aromatic polymerizable monomer having an aromatic ring wherein one polymerizable group, at least one halogenoalkyl group and a group which is inert to a reaction converting the at least one halogenoalkyl group into a quaternary ammonium group, are bonded together, (b) a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer and (c) a polymerization initiator.