54results about How to "Low membrane resistance" patented technology

Not all of light generated in the light emitting layer comprising the organic material are taken out in the desirable direction. For example, light emitted in the lateral direction (the direction parallel to the substrate face) is not taken out and therefore is a loss. An object of the present invention is to provide a light emitting device structured so as to increase the amount of light which is taken out in a certain direction after emitted from a light emitting element, as well as a method of manufacturing this light emitting device.

In the present invention, an upper end portion of an insulating material 19 that covers an end portion of a first electrode 18 is formed to have a curved surface having a radius of curvature, a second electrode 23a is formed to have a slant face as going from its center portion toward its end portion along the curved surface. Light emitted from a light emitting layer comprising an organic material 20 that is formed on the second electrode 23a is reflected at the slant face of the second electrode 23a to increase the total amount of light taken out in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 1A.

The present invention relates to composite structured adsorbents and methods of use therefor. The invention more particularly relates to composite structured adsorbents that can include a multi-channel framework (e.g., monoliths), the channels of the multi-channel framework containing adsorbent beads particles therein, with a channel-to-particle diameter ratio in the range of 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 7 and even more preferably 1 to 5. In the case of non-spherical particles, the hydraulic diameter is used in the calculation of the channel-to-particle diameter. The composite structured adsorbents of the present invention can be used in various industrial applications, for example in pressure swing adsorption (PSA) or vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) processes to produce O₂ from air.

All lights generated in an organic compound layer are not taken out towards a TFT from a cathode as a transparent electrode. For instance, the light is emitted in a lateral direction (direction parallel to the substrate surface) but the light emitted in the lateral direction is not taken out resultantly, which leads to a loss. Therefore, a light emitting device structured so as to increase the amount of light taken out in a certain direction is provided as well as a method of manufacturing this light emitting device. As a result of etching treatment, an upper edge portion of an insulator (19) is curved to have a radius of curvature, a slope is formed along the curved face while partially exposing layers (18c and 18d) of a first electrode, and a layer (18b) of the first electrode is exposed in a region that serves as a light emitting region. Light emitted from an organic compound layer (20) is reflected by the slope of the first electrode (layers 18c and 18d) to increase the total amount of light taken out in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 1A.

The invention discloses a preparation method for a polystyrene/polyvinylidene fluoride cation exchange membrane. According to the method, polyvinylidene fluoride is used as a matrix material for the membrane. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride and then fully mixing dissolved polyvinylidene fluoride with styrene and a cross-linking agent so as to obtain a homogeneous polymer solution; carrying out heat-initiated crosslinking copolymerization so as to obtain gelatinoid with an interpenetrating network structure; subjecting the gelatinoid to polymer physical processing so as to obtain polystyrene/polyvinylidene composite powder; then preparing cation exchange powder by using a sulfonation method for a storng-acid cation exchange resin as reference; and finally preparing the cation exchange membrane by using a hot pressing molding method for a heterogeneous cation exchange membrane. The polystyrene/polyvinylidene fluoride cation exchange composite high polymer membrane prepared in the invention has the interpenetrating network structure, so the structural defect of incompatibility between cation exchange resin powder and a high polymer binder in conventional heterogeneous cation exchange membranes is eradicated, membrane resistance is substantially reduced, and comprehensive properties of the polystyrene/polyvinylidene fluoride cation exchange membrane in the invention are closer to comprehensive properties of cation exchange membranes.

There are provided an ion-exchange polymer including a structure represented by the following General Formula (1) and a production method therefor, an electrolyte membrane and a production method therefor, and a composition for producing an ion-exchange polymer.

In a case where the sum of a1, b1, and c1 is 1.000, a1 is 0.000 to 0.750, b1 is 0.240 to 0.990, and c1 is 0.001 to 0.100. L represents an alkylene group, L¹ and L² each represent a divalent linking group, R¹ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R² and R³ each represent an alkyl group or an allyl group, X¹⁻ and X²⁻ each represent an inorganic or organic anion, and Y represents a halogen atom. Z¹ represents —O— or —NRa—, and Ra represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.

The invention discloses a bipolar membrane and a preparation method thereof. In the invention, metal phthalocyanine derivants are adhered to at least one monopolar membrane in the bipolar membrane to form the bipolar membrane of an intermediate interface layer formed by the metal phthalocyanine derivants. The bipolar membrane prepared by the method has the advantages of acid resistance and alkali resistance, high hydrolysis efficiency, high hydrogen and hydroxyl ion permeability, high working current density, small membrane impedance, low working voltage, simple overall bipolar membrane preparation process and the like.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a carbon nano tube modified bipolar membrane with anion groups. The method comprises the following steps of: preparing a sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) aqueous solution or a sodium alginate (SA) aqueous solution by using sodium carboxymethylcellulose or sodium alginate, adding a carbon nano tube with the anion groups, stirring and defoaming under reduced pressure to obtain viscous membrane liquid; casting the viscous membrane liquid in a smooth culture dish to prepare a cation exchange membrane; stirring and dissolving chitosan in 1 to 10 mass percent of acetic acid aqueous solution to prepare 1 to 10 mass percent of chitosan acetic acid aqueous solution, dripping 2.5 volume percent of glutaraldehyde solution slowly with stirring, and defoaming under the reduced pressure to obtain a chitosan (CS) anion membrane liquid; and forming a membrane of the CS anion membrane liquid, fixing the membrane to a prepared cation membrane layer, and airing at room temperature to obtain the bipolar membrane. Due to the adoption of the carbon nano tube modified cation membrane layer with the anion groups, the bipolar membrane has the characteristics of high water dissociation efficiency, small membrane impedance, low tank voltage, high compatibility of two membrane layers and the like.

A magneto-electric dialysis process for desalinating seawater, preparing salt from seawater and desalting industrial water is characterized by that on the basis is existing electric dialysis equipment, a static magnetic field is additionally used to directionally shift the cations and anions in flowing solution. Its apparatus is composed of a casing with different water inlets and outlets and electrodes, a group of cationic exchange membranes and anionic exchange membranes, which are alternatively arranged between anode and cathode, and a permanent magnet attached to each wall of the casing. Its advantages are high throughput, less electric consumption and not scaling.

The water treating magnetoelectric dialysis process may be used in sea water desalting, salted water desalting, sea water concentration to produce salt, desalting industrial water, etc. Ion exchange membrane with selective penetration is utilized in establishing a water processing electric dialysis space, where electrolyte ion is made to migrate directionally in the DC electric field. The present invention features that in the electric dialysis space, one static magnetic field is applied, which has magnetic force line direction perpendicular to the water flow direction and the current direction to strengthen the directional migration of anion and cation in the flowing solution. The present invention is superior to available electric dialyser with small water processing amount, great power consumption, easy scaling and other demerits. The present invention is realized simply through applying two permanent magnets onto two opposite walls of the electric dialyser casing.

The invention relates to the technical field of membrane separation, and provides a dopamine-assisted modified hybrid composite forward osmosis membrane and a preparation method thereof. An aqueous solution containing inorganic salt and ethanol is used as a coagulating bath; the phase separation speed and the crystallinity of polyvinylidene fluoride are regulated and controlled, a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane surface with a micro-nano structure is constructed, the supporting membrane is endowed with large porosity and high specific surface area, rapid diffusion of a salt solution in membrane pores in the forward osmosis process is promoted, concentration polarization is reduced, membrane resistance is reduced, and the water flux of the forward osmosis membrane is increased; the preparation method comprises the following steps: simultaneously depositing a hydrophilic biomass material and ZIF-8 on the surface of the supporting membrane by utilizing the super-strong adhesion characteristic and multi-active functional groups of dopamine to construct a defect-free hydrophilic hybrid selective cortex and improve the salt rejection rate; ZIF-8 nano particles are generated in situ anduniformly dispersed in the cortex, so that the problem of interfacial compatibility of the hybrid material is solved, and meanwhile, a nano water channel is provided by a cavity in ZIF-8, so that thewater flux is improved while the salt rejection rate is ensured.

The invention relates to an amphoteric composite forward osmosis membrane. According to the amphoteric composite forward osmosis membrane, an adopted porous support membrane is a super-hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride membrane; a polyamide layer is formed on the porous support membrane, and a zwitterionic layer is formed on the polyamide layer. In the present invention, the zwitterionic layer is formed by amido groups through zwitterionic reaction; through cooperation with the super-hydrophilic characteristic of the polyvinylidene fluoride membrane prepared through water vapor induced phaseseparation, the strong hydration and the charging performance of a catechol derivative modified graphene oxide nano-water channel and the zwitterionic skin layer, the water flux of the composite forward osmosis membrane is greatly improved while a low back-mixing salt flux is kept.

The invention discloses a renewable ultrathin multilayer composite forward osmosis membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The forward osmosis membrane comprises a PE microporous supporting layer, a micro-crosslinked polyamide layer, a super-hydrophilic hybrid layer and an adsorption catalysis functional layer. The preparation method comprises the following steps: performing interfacial polymerization reaction on an acyl chloride monomer and an amine monomer on the surface of a PE microporous membrane, performing heat treatment to generate a micro-crosslinked polyamide layer, reacting with a mixed solution containing a polyphenol compound and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane to generate a super-hydrophilic hybrid layer, and fully contacting with a metal compound aqueous solution, and reducing metal irons through microwave heatingto generate the super-hydrophilic hybrid layer. The concentration polarization of the PE microporous support membrane is not obvious, the solute rejection rate of the micro-crosslinked polyamide layer is high, the water molecule permeation resistance of the super-hydrophilic hybrid layer is weak, the pollutant removal capacity of the adsorption catalysis functional layer is high, the high-performance and renewable forward osmosis membrane is obtained, and seawater desalination, sewage purification, pollutant catalytic degradation and the like can be achieved.

This invention relates to an ion exchange membrane for a reverse electrodialysis (RED) device, a manufacturing method thereof and a reverse electrodialysis device including the ion exchange membrane, wherein the ion exchange membrane includes a porous polymer substrate; and a polymer electrolyte incorporated into pores of the porous polymer substrate. According to this invention, cation and anion exchange membranes for a reverse electrodialysis device have superior ion conductivity and thus can minimize membrane resistance, thereby remarkably improving maximum power density of the reverse electrodialysis device, and also have high water resistance and heat resistance, making it possible to stably operate the reverse electrodialysis device.

The invention discloses a bipolar membrane for a fuel cell and a preparation method of the bipolar membrane. The method comprises the following steps of casting an alkaline polymer solution onto an amphoteric metal substrate to form a membrane; separating the metal substrate and an alkaline thin membrane during ion exchange in an alkaline solution; and carrying out hot-pressing formation on an alkaline polymer membrane and an acid polymer membrane by taking the acid polymer solution as a binding agent. By the method, the thickness of the alkaline polymer membrane can be effectively controlled, favorable contact of the alkaline polymer membrane and the acid polymer membrane is achieved, thus, the resistance of the bipolar membrane is reduced, and the power density of the bipolar membrane fuel cell is effectively improved. The method is simple to operate, the prepared bipolar membrane is provided with a complete bipolar membrane interface, and has excellent mechanical property and high ion conductivity at a room temperature, and the performance of the bipolar membrane fuel cell is remarkably improved.

The invention provides a membrane casting agent and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps as follows: mixing polyether sulfone and a hydrophilic modified solution to obtain a mixed solute, dissolving the solute in a solvent, performing heating and stirring to obtain a solution, adding an additive and a photoinitiator to the solution, and using ultraviolet lamp irradiation for initiation to enable raw materials in the polyether sulfone membrane casting agent solution to interact in advance. On one hand, the hydrophilic property of the membrane casting agent is effectivelyimproved due to addition of the additive, and on the other hand, an ultrafiltration membrane material prepared from the membrane casting agent has higher mechanical performance and service life by use of the photoinitiator and ultraviolet lamp irradiation. The ultrafiltration membrane material prepared from the membrane casting agent has good hydrophilic performance and excellent mechanical performance.

The invention provides a solid-state ion conductor and lithium-enrich manganese-based material composite electrode. The solid-state ion conductor and lithium-enrich manganese-based material compositeelectrode comprises a lithium-enrich manganese-based material and a solid-state ion conductor, and the chemical formula of the lithium-enrich manganese-based material is xLi2MnO3.(1-x)LiMO2, wherein xis greater than 0 and less than 1, and M is one or more of Mn, Ni and Co; and the chemical formula of the solid-state ion conductor is Li<1+a>[AB<2-c>(DO4)3] or Li<2+alpha>E<beta>G<3+gamma>. The invention further provides a lithium ion battery comprising the composite electrode. The solid-state ion conductor has excellent ionic conductivity and is composited in the lithium-enrich manganese-based electrode, and the lithium ion transmission rate of the electrode can be increased. In the battery charging and discharging processes, the solid-state ion conductor participates in the forming process of a solid electrolyte membrane on the surface of the lithium-enrich manganese-based material, the membrane impedance of the lithium-enrich manganese-based positive electrode is lowered, and thusthe rate performance and cycling stability of the lithium-enrich manganese-based electrode are improved.