87results about How to "Reduced energy storage" patented technology

A jacketed bullet having a penetrator constructed of a hard material in line with a slug having a lower modulus. At least a portion of both the slug and the penetrator are then encased by a metal jacket. A plurality of circumferentially spaced and axially extending flutes are formed along the slug and possibly the penetrator. These flutes receive deformation of the jacket upon firing of the bullet into a rifled gun bore to thereby reduce friction between the bullet and the gun bore during operation.

An optical system comprises an optical apparatus arranged to direct received light to different paths and to provide a first signal and a second signal, said first and second signals having an optical difference therebetween sufficient for distinguishing optical signals, an amplifier in optical communication with the optical apparatus for amplifying the first and second signals, and a discrimination device to receive amplified light and to provide output light responsive to the optical difference.

A hybrid electric vehicle is provided. The hybrid electric vehicle includes an internal combustion engine, a mechanical torque transmission device for transmitting engine torque to at least one wheel, the mechanical torque transmission device having a lash region, an electric energy conversion device connected downstream of the mechanical torque transmission device, and a control system. The control system, adjusts the electric energy conversion device to meet a desired vehicle response, adjusts the internal combustion engine torque to transition through the lash region, and then adjusts the electric energy conversion device torque and the internal combustion engine torque to meet the desired vehicle response.

A power supply provides dc power over a wide range of output voltages at full operating power by utilizing multiplying circuits (200) supplied by a source of high-frequency alternating current (90). The multiplier circuits include a plurality of multiplier cells containing at least two diodes (207, 209) and a driving capacitor (208). The multiplier cells are shunted by bypass rectifiers (205, 206) arranged such that currents are allowed to flow from multiplier input terminals to power supply output terminals. The bypass rectifiers do not conduct current for low output current levels, but conduct increasing levels of current when output currents increase beyond a conduction threshold value, thereby increasing the maximum available output current. Interactions among the diodes and capacitors in the multiplier circuits cause the amplitudes of the multiplier input currents to remain relatively constant as the output voltage is varied while operating at full power.

A temperature control method for an electrochemical energy storage device having a cooling device for cooling the storage device in a vehicle. An actual temperature value of the storage device is determined, and a desired temperature value of the storage device is set by a two-point control system, which activates the cooling device at an upper temperature limit of the storage device and deactivates the cooling device at a lower temperature limit. The upper temperature limit and / or the lower temperature limit are defined as a function of time during operation of the storage device or during activation of the cooling device. The upper temperature limit and / or the lower temperature limit are defined as a function of the energy storage device data and / or the vehicle operating data.

The present invention is directed to the provision of a servomotor driving apparatus that feeds energy stored in a power storage part connected with a DC link that connects a rectifier circuit with an inverter circuit so that the energy stored in the power storage part can be reduced. A motor driving apparatus (1) includes: a step-up type DC / DC converter circuit (11) for boosting voltage appearing at an output of the power storage part (C1) connected with a DC link; and a DC / AC conversion circuit (12, 14) for converting the boosted DC electric power into AC electric power and feeding it to an electric power source.

The present invention provides for compositions, methods and kits for regulating energy metabolism. In one aspect, the invention provides for compositions that comprise a combination of (a) branched chain amino acids, such as leucine, and (b) vitamin B6, or any precursors or metabolites of (a) or (b). These combinations may be synergistic and / or effective for reducing weight or adipose volume. In another aspect, the invention provides for methods of regulating energy metabolism by the administration of one or more compositions comprising branched chain amino acids and vitamin B6. The invention also provides for kits comprising compositions of branched chain amino acids and vitamin B6 packaged in an oral dose form with usage instructions.

A method of charging a battery is provided that alters the amount of energy stored within the battery based upon a temperature profile across time. Battery materials and components, like liquid electrolyte or electrodes for instance, can be damaged when a rechargeable cell is exposed to elevated temperatures for extended amounts of time, thereby reducing the overall amount of energy that may be stored within the cell. This method monitors stored energy capacity and temperature. When a fully-charged cell is held at a temperature that exceeds a predetermined temperature threshold for an extended amount of time, the method discharges the cell, thereby reducing the amount of energy stored within the cell. For example, when a single, lithium-ion cell is maintained at 4.2 V for over 10 hours, the method will discharge the cell by roughly 1% or 50 mV. The discharge may be either automatic, or at the prompt of a user.

The invention provides an electromagnetic resonance control circuit, an electromagnetic heating device and a method for controlling a transistor. The electromagnetic resonance control circuit comprises a power module, a resonance circuit, the transistor and a controller, the resonance circuit is connected to the power module, the transistor is arranged between the resonance circuit and the ground, and used for executing the power-on or power-off operation according to pulse width modulation signals sent by the controller to control the work state of the resonance circuit, and the controller is connected to the power module and the control end of the transistor, and used for adjusting the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation signals sent to the transistor according to the change condition of voltages output to the resonance circuit by the power module to control the power-on time of the transistor. According to the technical scheme, the power-on time of the transistor can be controlled according to the voltages output to the resonance circuit, power output is increased in a low-voltage area, power output is reduced in a high-voltage area, the peak voltage and the peak current of the transistor are reduced under the condition of identical power, and therefore the transistor is effectively protected.

The invention discloses an energy management and intelligent control-based solar cooling tower, which comprises a solar battery, a first motor, a water pump, a second motor and speed reducer, a fan, a hybrid converter connected with the output end of the solar battery, an intelligent controller, and a sensor group; the output end of the hybrid converter is connected with the input ends of the first motor and the second motor and speed reducer; the signal output end of the sensor group is connected with the signal input end of the intelligent controller; the output end of the intelligent controller is connected with the signal input end of the hybrid converter; and the signal output end of the hybrid converter is connected with the signal input end of the intelligent controller. In the control process, the intelligent controller reasonably distributes the flowing direction of the electric energy through the hybrid converter by an energy management method, and performs intelligent speedregulating control on the first motor and the second motor and speed reducer by a water inlet temperature negative feedback method and a minimum enthalpy difference control method, and an energy-saving effect is achieved on the premise of ensuring operating reliability.

The present invention is directed to the provision of a servomotor driving apparatus that feeds energy stored in a power storage part connected with a DC link that connects a rectifier circuit with an inverter circuit so that the energy stored in the power storage part can be reduced. A motor driving apparatus (1) includes: a step-up type DC / DC converter circuit (11) for boosting voltage appearing at an output of the power storage part (C1) connected with a DC link; and a DC / AC conversion circuit (12, 14) for converting the boosted DC electric power into AC electric power and feeding it to an electric power source.

Disclosed are novel interconnections of a coupling circuit and an energy storage device which enables the storage device to provide back-up power for a switching power supply without requiring the device to store or output high voltage, and which enables full utilization of the energy stored in the device. In exemplary embodiments, the combination of the coupling circuit and the energy storage device may be coupled between the input and output of the switching power supply (e.g., between the non-ground terminals of the input and output ports of the switching power supply). The coupling circuit is configured to couple power from the energy storage device to the input of the switching power supply when the input power source is not provided to the switching power supply, and optionally to couple power from the input power source to the energy storage device when the input power source is provided.

A dual input power supply system / method providing uninterruptable power to a protected load device (PLD) is disclosed. The system includes hybrid switch devices (HSD) comprising semiconductor and relay / contactors that minimize the OPERATE / RELEASE times associated with switchover from a primary power source (PPS) to a secondary power source (SPS). An operate / release controller (ORC) monitors the condition of power provided by the PPS and SPS and determines the optimal transfer time to activate the HSD and switch between the PPS and SPS based on the PLD configuration. Use of the HSD in conjunction with the ORC permits a wide variety of series permutated AC / DC primary (PPS) and secondary (SPS) power sources, EMI snubbers (EMS), bridge rectifier diodes (BRD), AC-DC converters (ADC), and DC-DC converters (DDC) to service the PLD, while simultaneously reducing storage capacitors normally required to cover the OPERATE / RELEASE times associated with traditional PPS / SPS switchover / failover delays.

When a control device detects a request for stopping power generation of a fuel cell, electrical energy discharged from the fuel cell is supplied to an energy storage and other electrical devices such as an air compressor. At this time, electrical energy is supplied preferentially to the other electrical devices. Accordingly, discharge / charge losses in the energy storage can be reduced, compared to a technique in which an energy storage is charged preferentially at the time of stopping power generation of a fuel cell.

A hybrid vertical energy storage system is invented wherein the components responsible for the conversion, storage and production of energy are used as the weighted component of a gravitationally aided energy storage device. The present invention allows gravity to operate mechanical devices which may help move a volume of fluid in order to compress a gas and store potential energy. The present invention utilizes the attributes of pumped hydro by using gravity assisted fluid transfer, and also combines Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) functionality by powering hydraulic pumps and motors to transfer fluid from one vessel to another vessel. This feature allows conventional, inexpensive, market proven components to make the capture, conversion, storage and production of energy more effective and affordable while eliminating the placement issues associated with such large scale pumped hydro and CAES systems while extending battery service life. Ideally, combining the positive attributes of some or all of the existing technologies into one energy storage system would provide a real and meaningful improvement, especially if the improvement reduced or eliminated economic, environmental and operational flaws associated with the individual technologies. This invention also provides a method of combining the output of individual, combined attribute energy storage systems to provide user definable and expandable electrical energy production. The vertical aspect of the invention allows operational attribute that separates and makes independent the capture and storage of energy being placed into the energy storage system and the hydro-pneumatic production of energy exiting the system.

A method of charging a battery is provided that alters the amount of energy stored within the battery based upon a temperature profile across time. Battery materials and components, like liquid electrolyte or electrodes for instance, can be damaged when a rechargeable cell is exposed to elevated temperatures for extended amounts of time, thereby reducing the overall amount of energy that may be stored within the cell. This method monitors stored energy capacity and temperature. When a fully-charged cell is held at a temperature that exceeds a predetermined temperature threshold for an extended amount of time, the method discharges the cell, thereby reducing the amount of energy stored within the cell. For example, when a single, lithium-ion cell is maintained at 4.2 V for over 10 hours, the method will discharge the cell by roughly 1% or 50 mV. The discharge may be either automatic, or at the prompt of a user.

To provide a power supply circuit which can be applied worldwide without using a high withstand voltage switching element and can supply a load device with stable power. A charging section is arranged between a turn-off capacitor and a load coil. The charging section has the anode connected to the positive terminal of a feedback coil and the cathode connected to the cathode of a zener diode. Thus, when a voltage of a commercial power supply is high, the charging section operates, the turn-off capacitor is quickly charged, an on-period of a transistor is shortened, and an excessive voltage is prevented from being applied between the drain and the source of the transistor. At the same time, an output characteristic indicating relationship between the voltage of the commercial power supply and a current flowing in the load device is permitted to be flat.

The invention discloses an insulation ferrite core transformer type high voltage power supply, comprising an upper magnet yoke, a lower magnet yoke, primary magnet cores, secondary magnet cores and insulation layers; the four primary magnet cores are distributed between the upper magnet yoke and the lower magnet yoke; multilayer secondary magnet cores are installed on the magnet core posts corresponding to every primary magnet core; insulation layers are arranged between the upper and lower adjacent secondary magnet cores; the magnet yokes and the magnet cores are of ferrite material; a circuit structure comprises a primary coil circuit and a secondary coil circuit; the primary coil circuit comprises a primary coil, a square wave inverted circuit and a high frequency PWM rectifier; the high frequency PWM rectifier changes three-phase alternating current commercial power into the direct current; the square wave inverted circuit inverts the direct current into square waves as the input of the primary coil; the secondary coil circuit comprises a secondary coil and a full-bridge rectifying circuit; and the full-bridge rectifying circuit rectifies the square wave voltage sensed by the secondary coil into the direct current. The invention reduces the size of the high voltage power supply, greatly reduces the demand for rectifying capacitance and is continuous and stable in working state.

The invention discloses a bus voltage stabilization control device. Firstly, high-end bus voltage and low-end bus voltage are respectively sampled by two bus voltage sensors; then, the sampling values are respectively transferred into a high-end bus voltage controller and a low-end bus voltage controller and are compared with the expected values; when the voltage sampling values are less than theexpected voltage values of the buses, the duty ratio of pulse width modulation signals is correspondingly reduced so that the output power of a half-bridge inverter circuit is reduced, and the storedenergy of a bus capacitor is increased, thus the voltage sampling values are increased until the voltage sampling values are equal to the expected voltage values of the buses; and the reverse is alsotrue. In the invention, by controlling corresponding output current values by the high-end bus voltage controller and the low-end bus voltage controller, the regulation of the bus voltage is realizedto enable the bus voltage to be in a stabilized state. Meanwhile, because the expected voltage values (Uref) of the buses in the high-end bus voltage controller and the low-end bus voltage controllerare same, the bus voltage is stabilized, and simultaneously, the balance of the high-end voltage and the low-end voltage of the buses is also realized.

The invention discloses a high-voltage pulse human-body calculus therapeutic system based on plasmas. The system comprises an endoscope device, a calculus crusher, an electrode probe and a foot switch, wherein the calculus crusher is used for generating high-voltage pulses; the electrode probe is connected with the calculus crusher through a transmission cable; the foot switch is connected with the calculus crusher through a wire cable; the electrode probe stretches into a human body, and directly touches calculi in the human body. According to the system, based on a touch type calculus crushing principle, after the electrode probe stretches into the human body, and directly touches the calculi, the calculi are crushed in a way that the calculus crusher generates high-voltage pulses, i.e. the calculi are intensively crushed in a way that the high-voltage pulses generate plasma explosion in the calculi; as the energy required for calculus crushing is on a lower level, little damage occurs to the human body; moreover, the calculus crushing energy can be precisely controlled every time; the system is safe and reliable to use, capable of efficiently and rapidly removing the calculi, wide in application prospect, and applicable for popularization.

The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling rock burst through energy release modification of a deep well high-stress main roadway coal pillar, and belongs to the technical field ofmining. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, large-diameter pressure relief drilling is implemented, to release accumulated elastic energy of a coal mass; secondly, ultrahigh-pressure fixed-point hydraulic fracturing is carried out in the large-diameter drill hole, the complete coal pillar is cracked, and the energy storage capacity of the main roadway coal pillar is weakened; then,grouting reinforcement is carried out on the fractured main roadway coal pillar, the strength of the main roadway coal pillar is improved, and the impact threshold value is increased; and finally, reinforcing support is implemented, and the impact resistance of the main roadway coal pillar is improved. According to the method, the elastic energy accumulated by the main roadway coal pillar is released, the physical and mechanical properties of the main roadway coal pillar are changed, the impact threshold of the main roadway coal pillar is improved, the elastic energy accumulated by the high-stress main roadway coal pillar can be effectively reduced, and the problem that after pressure relief of the main roadway coal pillar, the strength is reduced, and surrounding rock large deformation is likely to happen is solved.

The invention provides a hybrid direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitor commutation. The hybrid direct-current circuit breaker comprises an ultra-fast mechanical switch unit, an auxiliary semiconductor switch unit, a capacitor commutation unit and an energy absorption unit; the ultra-fast mechanical switch unit is connected with the auxiliary semiconductor switch unit in series, the capacitor current conversion unit is connected with the ultra-fast mechanical switch unit and the auxiliary semiconductor switch unit which are connected in series in parallel, and the energy absorption unit is connected with the capacitor current conversion unit in parallel; the capacitor current conversion unit provides a low-voltage branch for the ultra-fast mechanical switch unit and the auxiliarysemiconductor switch unit to ensure normal switching-on and switching-off of the ultra-fast mechanical switch unit and the auxiliary semiconductor switch unit when a short-circuit fault occurs in thesystem, and cuts off fault current by utilizing a self-switching-off function; and the energy absorption unit absorbs energy stored in an inductive element in the power system after the fault currentis cut off after the on-off fault. According to the hybrid direct current circuit breaker based on capacitor commutation, soft turn-off of fault current is achieved, energy storage of inductive elements of the system is small during turn-off, and turn-off of the fault current and energy absorption limitation of a lightning arrester can be achieved.

The present invention relates to an energy storage unit (1) having a plurality of electrochemical cells (2), wherein the electrochemical cells (2) each have a first outer face (3) comprising a first electrode (5), and a second outer face (4) comprising a second electrode (6), and the electrochemical cells (2) are electrically interconnected owing to the lined-up arrangement (9) of the electrochemical cells (2) by way of the outer faces (3, 4) by means of the electrodes (5, 6). The energy storage unit (1) additionally comprises a first frame element (7) and a second frame element (8), which frame elements are directly or indirectly connected to one another, wherein the first frame element (7) is arranged at one end (10) of the lined-up arrangement (9) of the electrochemical cells (2), and the second frame element (8) is arranged at the other end (11) of the lined-up arrangement (9) of the electrochemical cells (2). The present invention also relates to a battery cell (2) for use with an energy storage unit (1) according to the invention, and also to a method for producing a battery cell (2) of this kind.

The reference voltage generator for a switch mode regulator includes: a reference voltage source; a soft-start voltage generator; and a comparator having a directional offset for comparing an output of the reference voltage source with an output of the soft-start voltage generator. Because of the intentional directional offset, the pass switch does not turn ON during the transition from the ramp voltage to reference voltage, therefore reducing energy stored in the inductor. Thus the voltage overshoot is reduced during the end of the soft-start cycle.

Method of operating an energy system, said energy system comprising:a local common transmission bus;at least one local energy connected to said bus;at least one local load connected to said bus;an energy store connected to said bus;a controllable interface arranged to exchange energy between said bus and an external distribution network external to said energy system;a controller adapted to control said interface so as to carry out said exchange of energy.According to the invention, the controller defines three modes based on the state of charge of the energy store which determine if, and how, energy is exchanged with the external network so as to optimize self-consumption and to perform ramp-rate reduction and peak shaving as appropriate.

The invention discloses a diffusion welding process for a thermal spraying coating of a crystallizer copper plate. The diffusion welding process comprises the steps of copper plate spraying pretreatment, coating material selection, thermal spraying, diffusion welding of the thermal spraying coating, cooling and discharging. As for the coating material selection, thermal spraying powder comprises 0.3-0.8% of C, 10-20% of Cr, 7-10% of Si, 4-6% of B, 5-10% of Cu, 2-5% of Mo, 1-2% of Al and the balance Ni. The diffusion welding of the thermal spraying coating comprises the steps that inert gas isintroduced into a heat preservation furnace, and diffusion welding treatment is conducted on the coating at a certain temperature within a certain period of time. Metallurgical bonding can be effectively formed between a crystallizer copper plate base body and the thermal spraying coating, the coating is good in performance and has excellent thermal conductivity, abrasion resistance and corrosionresistance, and the service life of the continuous casting crystallizer copper plate is prolonged.