In order to solve the technical problems that according to an existing endoscopy imaging technology, the size of a probe is large, the application requirement cannot be met, and when focusing spot scanning imaging is adopted, due to point-by-point scanning, repeated iterative computation and repeated access peripheral, the time spent in forming batched focusing spots is long, the invention provides an endoscopy imaging system and method based on single multimode fiber. The system comprises an illumination system, a light field measuring system and a computer processing system; the illuminationsystem comprises a laser, an optical attenuator, a collimating and beam expander and a first line polarizing film which are arranged in sequence; the light field measuring system comprises a beam splitter, a reference arm, an objective light arm, a second line polarizing film and a camera; the reference arm is composed of an optical phase shifter; the objective light arm comprises a focusing objective lens and the single multimode fiber; the computer processing system is used for controlling an optical phase shifter and a camera, an interference light field is demodulated through the phase shifting interference method, an objective light composite light wave electric field is obtained, and imaging is performed.