The invention discloses a dynamic modeling method for the combustion process of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. The dynamic modeling method comprises the following steps: the operation parametersof the combustion process of the boiler, which mainly affect the thermal efficiency of the boiler and the emission concentration of nitrogen oxides, are adjusted and recorded as input data and outputdata; Firstly, the input weights and the hidden layer thresholds of the sample incremental quantum neural network are determined according to the quantum computation rules. Then, based on the input data and the output data, the output layer weights and the weight matrix between the input layer and the output layer are calculated, i.e., the initialization model of the boiler thermal efficiency andNOx emission concentration is established. Based on the initialization model, the boiler operation parameters are collected on line, and the sample increment is calculated. The model parameters of thesample increment quantum neural network are updated in real time, including input weights and hidden layer thresholds, output weights and weights between input layer and output layer. Thus, the on-line models of thermal efficiency and NOx emission concentration are established, and the real-time modeling of boiler operating parameters is realized.