The invention relates to a cluster large-scale three-dimensional flow field and hydrodynamic force synchronous measurement system and a test method. The system comprises a fixed support, a six-dimensional force / moment balance, a circulating water tank, four high-speed cameras, a rear observation camera, an LED / laser high-intensity body light source, and the like. Key parameters reflecting the performance of an underwater vehicle, such as the energy utilization rate, the torque coefficient and the thrust coefficient of a bionic underwater vehicle in a cluster working mode, three-dimensional flow field characteristics in the cluster working mode, and motion characteristics, spanwise deformation, waveforms and the like of flapping wings of the vehicle in the experiment process can be measured at the same time, and the cluster formation is variable. The measurement system is simple in structure, high in reliability, high in measuring precision and flexible in measuring form. The test result is closer to the real situation of a bionic aircraft cluster operation mode, and effective reference and more accurate and more comprehensive data support can be provided for design of bionic aircraft engineering prototypes operating in a cluster mode.