The invention discloses a strain and acoustic wave test device and method for a high-temperature rock sample; the strain and acoustic wave test device mainly comprises an acoustic wave transmitting terminal, an upper bearing shaft, a corundum ejector pin, an upper slide plate, a lower slide plate, an insulation shell, a carbon fiber sleeve, a rock sample, a lower bearing shaft, an acoustic wave receiving terminal, a lower copper electrode, pearl powder, a temperature sensor, a transformer, a temperature-acoustic wave control box, an oscilloscope, an upper copper electrode, and a data collection and processing system; the method comprises: (1) mounting the device on a uniaxial mechanical tester stroke; (2) heating the rock sample; (3) performing compression test; (4) acquiring a difference between the upper slide plate and the lower slide plate which is an axial strain value; (5) transmitting acoustic wave from the acoustic wave transmitting terminal, receiving by the acoustic wave receiving terminal after the wave passes the rock sample so as to obtain an acoustic wave temporal difference of the rock sample; (6) collecting data, and storing. The device and method according to the invention have the advantages the principle is reliable, the device and method are simple to perform, mechanical properties of rock are acquired in real time, and the device and method have a promising market application prospect.