36 results about "Energy equivalent" patented technology

The present invention is related to a thin film semiconductor which can be regarded as substantially a single crystal and a semiconductor device comprising an active layer formed by the thin film semiconductor. At least a concave or convex pattern is formed intentionally on a insulating film provided in contact with the lower surface of an amorphous silicon film, whereby at least a site is formed in which a metal element for accelerating crystallization can be segregated. Therefore, a crystal nuclei is selectively formed in a portion where the concave or convex pattern is located, which carries out controlling a crystal diameter. Thus, a crystalline silicon film is obtained. A crystallinity of the crystalline silicon film is improved by the irradiation of a laser light or an intense light having an energy equivalent to that of the laser light, whereby a monodomain region in which no grain boundary substantially exit is formed.

The invention relates to the field of energy recovery utilization and in particular to a molten blast furnace slag sensible heat recovery method and a device; the method is characterized in that: themolten blast furnace slag carries out a first heat recovery in a granulator, and then a second heat recovery is carried out by a vibrated bed, and then a third heat recovery is carried out in a fluidized bed, and the reclaimed heat energy is reutilized or converted in a hot air or power generating way; the realization steps are that: 1) the molten blast furnace slag is arranged in the granulator for granulation; 2) the blast furnace slag granules carry out heat exchange in the vibrated bed; 3) the blast furnace slag granules carry out heat exchange in the fluidized bed; 4) after heat exchangeis carried out, the heat is used for power generation from air or is directly utilized in a hot wind way. The method has the beneficial effects that: the sensible heat of the molten blast furnace slagis utilized respectively in a way of waste heat stream power generation and in a way of blast furnace hot wind, compared with the existing water quenching method, 1.0-1.2t of fresh water can be savedwhen processing 1t of molten slag, and sulfides H2S and SO2 are not produced, and energy equivalent to 47kg of standard coal is saved.

In a method of forming a gate recess, on a surface of an epitaxial wafer including an epitaxial substrate, having a semiconductor layer having the band gap energy varying therein in the depth-wise direction, and a SiN surface protective layer, having a sidewall forming a gate opening and coating the surface of the epitaxial substrate, ultraviolet light having its energy equivalent to the band gap energy of the specific semiconductor layer is irradiated, while the specific semiconductor layer is photoelectrochemically etched from the gate opening with the SiN surface protective layer used as a mask. The gate recess free from plasma ion-induced damage is thus obtained.

An indoor load is calculated from an indoor entropy of a controlled room, a supply air entropy of conditioned air that is supplied into the controlled room, and the amount of supply of the conditioned air that is supplied into the controlled room (indoor load=|indoor entropy−supply air entropy|×supply air flow rate). An overall efficiency for the air-conditioning system is calculated from the calculated indoor load and the total value for the amount of energy used by heat source equipment, heat source auxiliary equipment, and an air conditioner (the primary energy equivalent value thereof) (air-conditioning system overall efficiency=Σ indoor load/Σ (heat source energy usage amount+heat source auxiliary equipment energy usage amount+air conditioner energy usage amount)).

The invention discloses a prediction method of automobile active safety system effectiveness on the basis of collision deformation depth. The prediction method comprises the following steps: 1) determining an automobile group with similarity rigidity; 2) determining a relationship between EES (Energy Equivalent Speed) and the deformation depth and the relationship between the deformation depth and an injury risk; and 3) establishing an accident reconstruction database, building a control system to carry out accident simulation, combining the relationship between the EES and the deformation depth with the relationship between the deformation depth and the injury risk, calculating and comparing whether the injury risk of the safety system in an accident scene is in the presence or not, and obtaining whether the safety system is effective in improving automobile safety through a comparison result. The prediction method discusses and looks forwards a way of utilizing a deformation degree to predict the automobile active safety system effectiveness on an aspect of the reduction of passenger injury risks only on the basis of the accurate deformation degree information in the accident database. Compared with a method which utilizes speed information, the prediction method disclosed by the invention can obtain more accident data support and more comprehensively evaluates the automobile active safety system.

The invention discloses a method for quantitatively detecting welding spatter by utilizing the acoustic emission signal energy equivalent of a resistance spot welding process. The method comprises the steps of collecting a structural load acoustic emission signal of the resistance spot welding process in real time, and drawing a dynamic oscillogram; extracting the acoustic emission signal of the welding spatter; counting the amplitude distribution of signal pulses; classing the amplitude into a plurality of grades Mi, and respectively accumulating according to the ringing count Ni of the acoustic emission signals exceeding the amplitude grades; taking an X axis as an amplitude grade value Mi and Y axis as a log value log10Ni of acoustic emission signal ringing count, accumulated according to the acoustic emission signals exceeding the amplitude grades Mi, to obtain a spattering distribution diagram; performing linear fitting; according to a right-angled triangle formed by the fit line and the X axis and the Y axis, calculating the area of the triangle, which is the energy equivalent of the welding spatter in the corresponding resistance spot welding process. The higher the equivalent value is, the greater the welding spatter is, namely that the larger the influence of the welding spatter on the molten core quality is. According to the method, the size grade and mode of the welding spatter can be accurately and quantitatively evaluated, and the fast, accurate and quantitative detection on the welding spatter of the resistance spot welding can be realized.

A nonvolatile semiconductor memory element enabling to improve insulation performance of an insulator around a floating gate and to decrease the ratio of oxidized metal ultrafine particles in the floating gate, are provided.

In a process for producing nonvolatile semiconductor memory element comprising a floating gate made of a hardly oxidizable material having a Gibbs' formation free energy for forming its oxide higher than that of Si in a range of from 0° C. to 1,200° C., and an insulator made of an oxide of an easily oxidizable material surrounding the floating gate and having such an energy equivalent or lower than that of Si, the floating gate made of hardly oxidizable material is formed by using a physical forming method, the oxide of the easily oxidizable material is formed by using a physical forming method or a chemical forming method, and after a gate insulation film is formed, a heat treatment is carried out in a mixed atmosphere of an oxidizing gas and a reducing gas in a temperature range of from 0° C. to 1,200° C. while the mixture ratio of the mixed gas and the temperature are controlled so that only the hardly oxidizable material is reduced and only the oxide of the easily oxidizable material is oxidized.

The invention discloses a hydraulic system for hydraulic rock drill testing. The hydraulic system comprises a hydraulic oil tank, a check valve C, a hydraulic pump, an overflow valve, a reversing valve, a liquid control one-way valve, an impacted oil cylinder, a one-way valve, a check valve D, a pressure sensor, a pressure gauge and a gravity energy accumulator. When the system is used for testing a hydraulic rock drill, an impacted piston is subjected to rock drill impacts, a balance weight block in the gravity energy accumulator ascends by a certain height under the action of hydraulic oil, and the impact energy of the hydraulic rock drill is measured according to the ascending height of the balance weight block. Energy equivalent to the ascending height of the balance weight block can be calibrated and converted according to a heavy hammer with the fixed height. The check valve D in a system loop can be opened, and the durable running test of the rock drill can be conducted. The system is applicable to testing of performance of various hydraulic rock drills different in power, operation is simple, and calculation is convenient.

A method and apparatus measuring temperature of a steel sheet. A reference plate including a temperature controller is disposed opposite to the steel sheet. The reference plate temperature of the reference plate is measured by a contact thermometer. A radiation pyrometer is trained on the steel sheet at an angle such that alternate reflection of radiation energy by the reference plate and the objective steel sheet occurs once or twice. The radiosity of the steel sheet is measured by the radiation pyrometer. A temperature obtained by converting the radiosity into a temperature of a blackbody that radiates energy equivalent to the radiosity is used as a radiosity temperature. The temperature controller executes a control operation to make the temperature of the reference plate coincide with the radiosity temperature. The radiosity temperature is used as the temperature of the steel sheet.

A power plant comprising axle 13 fitted with a turning force takeout part and, coaxially arranged thereon, generator 10 capable of outputting a power and rotor 20 driven and rotated by an electromagnetic force imparting means, said electromagnetic force imparting means capable of producing an electromagnetic force with the use of an input power, wherein, with respect to the axle 13, a dimension of position of imparting of a rotary driving force to the rotor in the electromagnetic force imparting means is larger than a dimension of position of output power production in the generator 10 to thereby enable takeout, from the turning force takeout part of the axle 13, of a rotational energy greater than an energy equivalent to an input power applied to the electromagnetic force imparting means. Further, an output power greater than the input power can be taken out with the use of the power plant. The takeout of an output energy greater than the input power is advantageous from the viewpoint of meeting the demand for resource saving and energy saving.

The invention provides a pulsed eddy current infrared numerical value simulation method based on a frequency domain superposition method and an energy equivalent method. The method is composed of a degradation magnetic vector potential method based on an edge element, a temperature field calculation method based on a node element, the frequency domain superposition method based on fast Fourier transformation and the energy equivalent method based on an energy equivalent principle; when the method is implemented, related numerical value simulation parameters are determined according to a pulsededdy current infrared nondestructive testing experiment and comprise an excitation coil size, an excitation waveform, a size of a detected test sample, material physical properties of the detected test sample, a lift-off distance and the like; then a pulsed eddy current field numerical value calculation program is developed based on the degradation magnetic vector potential method and the frequency domain superposition method, and the related numerical value simulation parameters are imported and are calculated to obtain an eddy current distribution condition of the detected test sample; finally, a temperature field calculation program is developed based on the node element and the energy equivalent method and a calculated eddy current value in the detected test sample is imported and iscalculated to obtain a temperature distribution condition in the detected test sample.

The invention relates to an air conditioning device for filtering air supplied to a clean room of a semiconductor manufacturing device and for controlling temperature and humidity, and especially relates to an air conditioning device for precisely controlling a high-efficiency thermo-hygrostat of a clean room by using waste heat. Waste heat discharged from a conventional air conditioning system is recycled to control humidity without supplying additional energy equivalent to the energy of the waste heat. The waste heat is then divided into multiple segments by using coils, condensing coils and steps, so dehumidification loads of an evaporator are changed based on changes of indoor loads or outer air loads, and thus changes of heat in a condenser can be controlled in an effective and precise manner.

The invention discloses a whirling control method of the rotor of a mini-size turbojet engine, which is characterized in that in the scalar system, the axial pre-tightening force or the waveform gasket compression amount, the waveform gasket rigidity, the rotor speed, the rotor quality and the unbalance information are adopted to accurately compute the thickness, the quantity and mounting mode of the coulomb damp gasket for the attenuation whirling through the energy equivalent theory; the damping rubber is combined to adjust the damping of the rotor and mount structurally; thereby, the whirling of the engine rotor is controlled accurately and the stable operation requirement under the higher rotational speed is realized for the mini-size turbojet engine. The whirling control method of the rotor of a mini-size turbojet engine has the advantages of accurate coulomb damping computation, accurate whirling attenuation control, simple damp structure, light weight and convenient adjustment, wide application range, being applicable to the different forms of whirling of the mini-size turbojet and the whirling under the different frequencies.

The invention discloses a vulnerability assessment device of a landslide disaster-bearing body, which includes: a structural parameter acquisition module for acquiring structural parameters of the disaster-bearing body and establishing a finite element model of the disaster-bearing body; a stiffness calculation module for The finite element model conducts lateral inverted triangle distributed load analysis to calculate the overall lateral stiffness of the finite element model; the deformation simulation module is used to record the ultimate load when the finite element model collapses; the displacement calculation module is used to combine the impact energy with the finite In the case of equivalent bending deformation energy of the meta-model, the functional relationship between the horizontal load and the distance from the disaster-bearing body to the slope toe is obtained according to the calculation formula of the overall lateral stiffness and impact energy; the evaluation module is used to calculate the distance between the disaster-bearing body and the slope The distance and functional relationship of the disaster-affected body are obtained, and the horizontal load is compared with the ultimate load to obtain the vulnerability probability. The invention can accurately evaluate the vulnerability of the disaster-bearing body and provide a powerful basis for emergency treatment of landslide disasters.

The invention provides a nonlinear condensation water throttle control model. The model comprises the following steps that a model about the total mass of working fluid in a deaerator and the total energy in the deaerator is built according to the flowing speeds and heat content of all working fluid in the deaerator; when the total mass of the working fluid in the deaerator is equal to the total mass of saturated water, a mass equivalent model about the total mass of the working fluid in the deaerator and the total mass of the saturated water is built; when the total energy in the deaerator is equal to the total energy of the saturated water, an energy equivalent model about the total energy in the deaerator and the total energy of the saturated water is built; according to conversion of the mass equivalent model and the energy equivalent model, a nonlinear model about the water level and temperature in the deaerator is obtained; according to the states of a preheater and a high pressure cylinder in a condensation water throttle system, a nonlinear model of the unit load is built; and according to the nonlinear model, the nonlinear condensation water throttle control model is built. The nonlinear condensation water throttle control model is simple in structure and capable of achieving control conveniently.

The present invention is related to a thin film semiconductor which can be regarded as substantially a single crystal and a semiconductor device comprising an active layer formed by the thin film semiconductor. At least a concave or convex pattern is formed intentionally on a insulating film provided in contact with the lower surface of an amorphous silicon film, whereby at least a site is formed in which a metal element for accelerating crystallization can be segregated. Therefore, a crystal nuclei is selectively formed in a portion where the concave or convex pattern is located, which carries out controlling a crystal diameter. Thus, a crystalline silicon film is obtained. A crystallinity of the crystalline silicon film is improved by the irradiation of a laser light or an intense light having an energy equivalent to that of the laser light, whereby a monodomain region in which no grain boundary substantially exit is formed.