The present invention relates to multispecific binding proteins comprising binding domains with dual-binding specificity for at least one
disease-associated
antigen, suitably tumor-associated
antigen and an immune
cell surface
antigen. Said binding domains with dual-binding specificity bind to the two targets in a mutually exclusive way, thereby functioning as a
molecular switch, such as, e.g., a switch to control activation or deactivation of a therapeutic agent. Said binding proteins are formatted as
T cell engagers to optionally comprise a
binding domain with co-stimulatory activity, such as CD2. Said binding domains are preferably
ankyrin repeat domains, e.g. designed
ankyrin repeat domains (DARPins). The invention further relates to nucleic acids, pharmaceutical compositions,
recombinant expression vectors and host cells, and the use of such proteins, nucleic acids or pharmaceutical compositions in methods for treating diseases, such as
cancer.