The invention discloses a tower control simulation training system, and a voice control instruction identification and reading method. The system includes at least one training unit, a teacher seat group, a switch, and a cloud simulation platform; wherein the training unit, the teacher seat group and the cloud simulation platform exchange data through the switch; the training unit includes a simulated captain's chair, a tower flight controller seat, and a tower three-dimensional view system installed in the tower flight controller seat for training simulation; and the teacher seat group includes a teacher's seat, a monitoring seat, and a tower three-dimensional visual system installed in the monitoring seat for simulating the instructor's operation. The cloud simulation platform includes asimulation server, a voice server, a comprehensive application server, and a data storage server for providing various services for tower control training. Based on the system, the corresponding voice control instruction identification and reading method is also given. The system can be used to carry out more realistic and efficient tower controller training.