The invention discloses a method for rapidly identifying male and female
cannabis sativa plants based on a specific
DNA (
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) sequence. Based on high-quality
haplotype genome data of the
cannabis sativa,
population genetic differentiation indexes and
allele frequency difference analysis are adopted, the fact that the
cannabis sativa belongs to an XX / XY type sex determination
system is determined, the sex
chromosome of the cannabis sativa is positioned to be a 10 #
chromosome, and a specific linkage region on a
Y chromosome is positioned in a 28.17-118.28 Mb region. A Y specific
gene sequence is identified, a specific PCR primer is further designed, and a rapid PCR amplification
system is established. Compared with a traditional
phenotype-dependent identification method, the method can simply, efficiently, accurately and rapidly screen the plants with the target gender in the
seedling stage, remarkably saves field planting space and management cost, and is suitable for accurate screening of cannabis sativa with different purposes. The method can improve the breeding efficiency and
economic benefits of the cannabis industry, provides
technical support for sex control production of the cannabis, and has industrial application prospects.