The invention relates to a device for testing soft-melting and dropping characteristics of ferruginous burden of a blast furnace and a method. The device comprises a melting and dropping furnace, a heating device, a graphite pressure lever, a thermocouple, a sampling box, reductive gas and an automatic control device and is characterized by further comprising a supporting framework, a lifting mechanism, a load, a displacement sensor and a gas supplying system. The graphite pressure lever is a piston type graphite pressure lever, one end of the load is fixedly connected with the piston type graphite pressure lever, the other end of the load is fixedly connected with a hoisting steel wire rope, and a lifting motor of the lifting mechanism, the gas supplying system and the heating device areall electrically connected with the automatic control device. The device and the method have the advantages that through carrying out testing by a 2kg-grade large-sized melting and dropping furnace and assisting the melting and dropping furnace with the heated reductive gas, the soft-melting and dropping characteristics of iron ore can be more accurately tested, and a reference foundation is provided for actual raw material regulation, technical research and the like of blast furnace production. The accuracy and reliability of test results can be greatly improved.