The invention discloses an aging simulation system and method for a negative electrode of a grid-control travelling wave tube, and belongs to the technical field of negative electrode simulation of the travelling wave tube. The aging simulation system for the negative electrode of the grid-control travelling wave tube, disclosed by the invention, comprises a monitoring unit, a power supply unit, afloating plate modulator, a filament power supply, a negative electrode power supply, a collector power supply, a titanium pump power supply, a microwave signal source, a microwave power meter and anattenuator, wherein a simulation object is the travelling wave tube. The invention also discloses the aging simulation method for the negative electrode of the grid-control travelling wave tube, which is used for the aging simulation system for the negative electrode of the grid-control travelling wave tube. The aging simulation of the negative electrode of the grid-control travelling wave tube is achieved, the reliability and the stability of the grid-control travelling wave tube are improved, and the service lifetime of the grid-control travelling wave tube is prolonged; and the following purposes of improving the vacuum degree in the grid-control travelling wave tube, improving insulation performance of each electrode, simulating the activity of the negative electrode and improving theelectron emission capability of the negative electrode of the travelling wave tube can be achieved.