76 results about "Pollution drinking water" patented technology

Compositions, methods and kits for purifying and clarifying and / or nutrifying contaminated drinking water and which comprise a primary coagulant material, a microbiocidal disinfectant and an oxidant system. Highly preferred compositions also contain one or more of a bridging flocculent material, the levels and ratios of coagulant to flocculent preferably falling within certain ranges, a cationic coagulant aid, especially chitosan, a water-soluble alkali, a water-insoluble silicate, and a food additive or nutrient source. The purified water remains free of discoloration for extended periods of storage.

Compositions, methods and kits for purifying and clarifying and / or nutrifying contaminated drinking water and which comprise a primary coagulant material and a bridging flocculent material, the levels and ratios of coagulant to flocculent preferably falling within certain ranges. Highly preferred compositions also contain one or more of a cationic coagulant aid, especially chitosan, a microbiocidal disinfectant, a water-soluble alkali, a water-insoluble silicate, and a food additive or nutrient source.

The invention discloses a method for applying pre-ozonation and aerated biological activated carbon processes to feedwater treatment. The method combines ozone pre-oxidation, an aerated biological activated carbon filter tank and a coagulation-sedimentation-sand filtering-disinfection conventional feedwater treatment process to produce drinking water, is a feedwater treatment process for improving water quality of feed water aiming at micro-polluted drinking water sources, and integrates the characteristics of an aerated biofilter biological pre-treatment process and an ozone biological activated carbon advanced water-purifying process. Raw water enters a pre-ozonation contact tank, a coagulation sedimentation tank and the aerated biological activated carbon filter tank orderly, is disinfected, enters a sand filtering tank, and finally flows into a clear water tank. Because the pre-ozonation contact tank and the aerated biological activated carbon filter tank are arranged in the conventional feedwater treatment process, the effect of removing organic matters, ammonia nitrogen, pathogenic microorganism, odor, chroma and the like is greatly improved, and the water quality safety of the method is obviously superior to that of the biological pre-treatment process and the ozone biological activated carbon advanced water-purifying process.

The invention discloses a down-flow biological aerated filter with double-layer filter media and a method to apply the filter for the processing of raw water. The filter is characterized in that a large-particle filter layer, a small-particle filter layer and a gravel layer are arranged in order below a backwash effluent groove in the biological aerated filter; processing aeration devices are arranged in the gravel layer; the particle size of filter media at the large-particle filter layer is from eight to sixteen mm with a smaller filter media density than the small-particle filter layer; the particle size of filter media at the lower small-particle filter layer is from four to eight mm. For the method, raw water enters into the filter through a water distribution channel, flows downward through the lightweight large-particle filter layer and small-particle filter layer and the gravel layer, and flows out through a filter head arranged at a filter plate. The down-flow biological aerated filter with double-layer filter media has the advantages of small water head loss and long backwash cycle, is a economical and efficient method in the biological pretreatment technology for micro-biological polluted drinking water sources.

The invention relates to a waste water purification method and a reactor both adopting ozone oxidation catalysis and using compound suspended carrier. The compound suspended carrier takes suspended activated carbon as a carrier and the compound of copper, iron, manganese, cobalt, and nickel as an active component. The compound suspended carrier is placed in an ozone oxidation catalysis reactor in water processing techniques, water inflows continuously and the reaction is carried out, so that a multi-phase heterogeneous oxidation catalysis system taking the activated carbon as the carrier is established, thereby improving the capability of ozone in optionally oxidizing organic pollutants in waste water and the utilization ratio of ozone, and removing the color and odor of the organic pollutants in waste water. The invention suits the pre-oxidation on slightly polluted drink water sources and deep treatment on organic industrial waste water, and is particularly suitable for the deep treatment on non-degradable organic waste water having received secondary treatment to greatly reduce biotoxicity, organic pollutants, and color of the waste water, lead the waste water after being treated to be similar to tap water, and achieve the purpose of carrying out deep treatment on organic waste water.

The invention discloses a cattle water trough provided with a flip cover, a water filling device and a heating device. The cattle water trough comprises a water trough body, a rotary shaft, a servo motor, a cover plate, a water level sensor, an electrical control water valve, a water temperature sensor, an electric heater, a pedal, a weighing sensor and a controller. According to the cattle water trough, when no cattle drink water, the controller controls the servo motor to drive the rotary shaft to rotate so that a water trough opening of the rectangular water trough body is covered with the cover plate, and dust and the like can be prevented from polluting drinking water; when cattle need drinking, the cattle stand on the pedal, the cover plate rotates to be opened, and the cattle can drink water normally; the level of drinking water can be detected by the water level sensor, when the water level is lower than a set value, the controller controls the electric control water valve to fill water to the rectangular water trough body, and it is convenient for the cattle to drink water; the temperature of the drinking water can be detected by the water temperature sensor, when the water temperature is lower than a set value, the controller controls the electric heater to heat the drinking water to be in a set range, so that the problem that disease is caused to the cattle due to drinking cold water in winter can be solved.

The invention discloses a construction method and an application of an immobilized biological bacterium agent for a micro-polluted water source and belongs to the field of ecological remediation of water environments. The method is a treating process for purifying a water body through construction of the biological bacterium agent, and ammonia nitrogen, iron, manganese, microcystis, algal toxins and the like in the water body can be removed effectively. The method comprises steps as follows: (1) rescreening and compounding of multifunctional oligotrophic ammonia nitrogen bacteria; (2) screening of efficient algicidal bacteria; (3) fermentation and construction of the bacterium agent; (4) bacterium agent immobilization and biological enhancement; (5) research on dosing methods of the bacterium agent, and treatment and biological enhancement of the micro-polluted drinking water source. The biological bacterium agent is constructed with an immobilization technology, after a system runs stably, the removal rate of the ammonia nitrogen is higher than 80%, removal rates of the microcystis and the algal toxins are higher than 40%, the removal rate of the iron in water is 50%, and the removal rate of manganese is 51%. The method can be combined with actual projects and is wider in application prospect.

The invention discloses a magnetite-zeolite magnetic biological carrier material, as well as a preparation method and an application method thereof. The magnetite-zeolite magnetic biological carrier material adopts raw materials such as zeolite, magnetite and cement. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: smashing and sieving the zeolite and magnetic iron ores, then adding the cement, mixing to be uniform and then adding water, pelleting, moulding and standing for more than 10 days at normal temperature, and continuously spraying water onto the surfaces of the obtained particles during standing so as to keep the surfaces of the particles to be wet, thus the finished product is obtained. The magnetic biological carrier disclosed by the invention can be applied to deep treatment of domestic sewage secondary treatment water, deep treatment and resource utilization of industrial waste water, deep treatment of micro-pollution drinking water and urban landscape water treatment.

The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a purifier and a method for performing advanced treatment on secondarily-polluted drinking water. The purifier is characterized in that: a digital electromagnetic field water treatment device is arranged at the water outlet end of an untreated water inlet pipe; one end of the water outlet end is connected to the left side wall of a clear water guide plate shell; a first reaction chamber, a second reaction chamber and a third reaction chamber are arranged in a cavity of a clear water guide plate; a collection hole of a flow plate of a clear water pump is arranged on the right side wall of the clear water guide plate shell; a water outlet pipe of an inclined-tube sedimentation tank is arranged at the bottom of the collection hole, and is connected to an inlet of a fine filter; the opening of the water outlet pipe of the fine filter is connected with an introduction opening of the water pump; a drainage opening pipe of the water pump is connected with the introduction opening of a water storage tank; a flowmeter is arranged on the water tank; a pollutant discharging opening is arranged at the bottom of the water tank; the water outlet pipe is arranged on the left lower side wall of the water tank; and the water outlet pipe is connected with the untreated water inlet pipe to form the purifier for performing the cyclic advanced treatment on the secondarily-polluted drinking water.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environment protection and chemical separation, and particularly discloses a magnetic modified zeolite material for removing nickel through adsorption, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: after performing acid-base pretreatment to zeolite and reacting in a chitosan alkaline solution, carrying out centrifugal separation, and washing with water; adding zeolite into a Fe2(SO4)3 solution, and standing for 10 to 20 minutes; adding a NaBH4 and (NH2)2CSO2 mixed alkaline solution under the stirring condition; and heating the mixed solution to 50-60 DEG C, and then stirring and continuously reacting for 3 to 5 minutes to obtain the magnetic modified zeolite material for removing nickel through adsorption. The preparation method of the magnetic modified zeolite material is simple, low in cost and convenient to use, the specific surface area is large, active sites are more, and the magnetic modified zeolite material can be used for removing Ni<2+> in raw water of micro-polluted drinking water or industrial waste water, and has the advantages of being high in adsorption speed, high in adsorption capacity, high in removal efficiency and the like.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a compound water purifying agent for emergency treatment of water pollution of a drinking water source, which comprises the following steps of: grinding concave soil raw ore into fine powder, and sieving by using a sieve with 100 to 300 meshes to obtain concave soil powder; calcining the concave soil powder at the temperature of between 350 and 500 DEG C for 1 to 5 hours, or radiating the concave soil powder by using microwaves with the power of 300 to 600W for 5 to 15 minutes to obtain modified concave soil; and mixing the modified concave soil and an inorganic polymer coagulant accounting for 5 to10 weight percent of the modified concave soil and potassium permanganate accounting for 1 to 5 weight percent of the modified concave soil in aqueous solution, stirring for uniform dispersion, drying, and grinding to obtain the water purifying agent finished product. The compound water purifying agent can obviously reduce the content of organic matters, algae toxins, heavy metals and the like in the water of the polluted drinking water source, the manufacturing cost is low, the operating process is simple, the sedimentation velocity is high, the sludge volume is small, the residues of inorganic reagents are a few, and the compound water purifying agent has chemical and biological safety and is a novel environment-friendly and high-efficiency water purifying agent for emergency treatment of the water pollution of the drinking water source.

The invention discloses a cattle water trough with an automatic washing and water adding device. The cattle water trough comprises a trough body, a rotating shaft, a first servo motor, a cover plate, a washing brush, a threaded rod, a second servo motor, a water level sensor, an electronic control water valve, a pedal, a weighing sensor and a controller. When no cattle drink water, the controller controls the first servo motor to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, and therefore the cover plate can cover the trough opening of the rectangular trough body, and it can be avoided that drinking water is polluted by dust and the like. When cattle need to drink water, cattle stand on the pedal, the controller controls the servo motors to drive the cover plate to rotate so as to open the water drinking trough, and normal water drinking of cattle is not influenced. In addition, when much dirt is deposited in the trough body and the trough body needs to be washed, the controller controls the second servo motor to drive the threaded rod to rotate, and the inner wall of the trough is automatically washed through the washing brush; furthermore, the drinking water level in the rectangular trough body can be detected through the water level sensor; when the water level is lower than a set value, the controller controls the electronic control water valve to add water into the rectangular trough body, and workloads of breeders can be reduced.

Novel materials for controlling molluscs, such as snails and slugs, using carbohydrates including celluloses, hemi-cellulose complexes, and / or lignin, for inducing death in molluscs. The materials are non-toxic, will not contaminate a drinking water supply, will not harm fish, birds or wild life, will not cause any harmful effects if swallowed or absorbed through the skin, will not harm children or pets, and can be safely eaten by domestic animals and livestock that may consume such dead molluscs. The materials may be applied in various formulations at various water contents. The materials do not provide nutrition to the molluscs, and disrupt normal bodily functions resulting in death. An attractant may be included to encourage ingestion by the molluscs.

The invention relates to a drinking water emergent pollution emergency treatment apparatus and a treatment method thereof, and concretely relates to an ultrafiltration-nanofiltration integrated emergency treatment apparatus for emergent pollution of drinking water, and a polluted drinking water treatment method. The apparatus comprises a raw water tank, a dosing pump, a medicine adding tank, a raw water pump, a filter, an ultrafiltration membrane device, an ultrafiltration produced water tank, a booster pump, a first nanofiltration membrane device, a second nanofiltration membrane device, a concentrated water tank and a nanofiltration produced water tank. The method comprises the following steps: 1, opening a water inlet valve, an inlet water regulating valve, a pressure regulating valve and a nanofiltration concentrated water regulating valve, and starting the raw water pump and the booster pump; 2, regulating the opening degrees of the inlet water regulating valve, the pressure regulating valve and the nanofiltration concentrated water regulating valve; 3, allowing concentrated water outlet water discharged from the second nanofiltration membrane device to enter the concentrated water tank, allowing produced water outlet water discharged from the first nanofiltration membrane device and the second nanofiltration membrane device to enter the nanofiltration produced water tank, and regulating the nanofiltration concentrated water regulating valve; and 4, adding an adsorbent, an oxidant or a precipitating agent when the emergent pollutant concentration of inlet water exceeds a maximum treatment capacity. The apparatus and the method are applied to the field of sewage treatment.

The invention relates to an ecological purification process for raw water from a polluted source of drinking water. The raw water from the polluted source of drinking water passes through a pretreatment purification unit, a combined wetland purification unit, an efficient oxidation purification unit, a sunken plant purification unit and advanced purification unit in sequence to be treated. The ecological purification process can operate in a modularized manner, has the characteristics of short forming time, good purification effect and wide application range, can be used for treating the raw material from the polluted source of drinking water, and changes the ecological environment of the area of the drinking water source within short time.

The invention discloses a cattle chute provided with an automatic cleaning device and a heating device. The cattle chute comprises a chute body, a rotary shaft, a first servo motor, a cover plate, a cleaning brush, a crew, a second servo motor, a water temperature sensor, an electric heater, a pedal, a weighing sensor and a controller. When no cattle drinks water, the controller controls the first servo motor to drive the rotary shaft to rotate, and a chute opening of the rectangular chute body is covered with the cover plate, so that dust and the like can prevented from polluting drinking water; when a lot of dirt deposited in the chute body is required to be cleaned, the controller controls the second servo motor to drive the screw to rotate, and the cleaning brush moves along the chute body longitudinally to clean the inner wall of the chute, so that the work load of a keeper can be reduced; the water temperature sensor detects the temperature of the drinking water, when the water temperature is lower than a set value, the controller controls the electric heater to heat the drinking water to a set range, so that the problem that disease is caused to the cattle due to drinking cold water in winter can be solved.

Disclosed is a modified activated sludge-based two-compartment treatment method for processing nitrate-contaminated drinking water. Raw water is firstly sent to a first TiO2-modified denitrifying activated sludge bioreactor (2), wherein organic carbon source is added in a controlled amount, and nitrate is partly reduced with nitrite being accumulated. Then, the effluent from the first bioreactor is sent to a second TiO2-modified denitrifying activated sludge bioreactor (3), wherein organic carbon source and hydrogen gas are supplemented, and remaining nitrate and accumulated nitrite are reduced to nitrogen gas. The denitrified effluent from the second bioreactor is sent to a settling tank (4), and TiO2-containing precipitates collected from the settling tank receive sequential alkaline and acidic treatment before being injected into the first bioreactor (2) for TiO2 recycling. The effluent from the settling tank (4), after having been subjected to ozone disinfection and activated carbon filtration, has suitable pH and bicarbonate alkalinity, and the concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and water soluble organics meet the safety standard for drinking water. Also disclosed is a modified activated sludge-based two-compartment treatment device for processing nitrate-contaminated drinking water.

The invention relates to an aerobic granular sludge film bioreactor system used for treating organic wastewater, which pertains to the technical field of wastewater treatment. The system is a water treatment system which effectively combines an aerobic granular sludge technique in a bio-treatment method with a film bioreactor technique and solves film pollution which is the most outstanding problem during the operation of the film bioreactor. The water treatment system has high capacity and load, good liquid-solid separation effect, fast sedimentation of sludge in a granular shape, high reactivity, light film pollution degree and long service life and occupies less land and nitration and denitrification can be carried out synchronously. The system can be applied to water reuse in communities and buildings, treating wastewater in hospitals and night soil wastewater, carrying out advanced treatment of high concentration of various organic industrial wastewaters, landfill / composting leachate treatment and micro-polluted drinking water purification.

The invention discloses a cattle drinking trough with an automatic cover, a cleaning device and a heating device; the cattle drinking trough comprises a trough body, a rolling and unrolling barrel, a rolling and unrolling motor, a cloth cover, a steel wire, a cleaning brush, a servo motor, a water temperature sensor, an electric heater, a pedal, a weighting sensor and a controller; when the cattle does not drink, the controller controls the rolling motor to drive the steel wire for pulling the cloth cover, thus covering the rectangular trough opening, and preventing dusts from contaminating the drinking water; when the cattle needs to drink water, the cattle step on the pedal, the controller controls the unrolling motor to retract the cloth cover, so the cattle can normally drink; when the trough body needs to be cleaned, the controller controls the servo motor to drive a screw rod for rotation, and the cleaning brush can automatically clean the trough body, thus reducing workload of breeders; the water temperature sensor can detect the temperature of the drinking water, when the water temperature is lower than a set value, the controller can control the electric heater to heat up the drinking water, thus preventing the cattle from getting illness by drinking cold water.

The invention provides a micro-polluted drinking water treatment method and micro-polluted drinking water treatment equipment. The micro-polluted drinking water treatment method comprises a step of filtering micro-polluted drinking water by using a negative potential PP cotton functional filter element and a negative potential ceramic membrane. The invention also provides two pieces of micro-polluted drinking water treatment equipment. The micro-polluted drinking water treatment method and the micro-polluted drinking water treatment equipment have the advantages of wide application range, high filtering precision, and capacity of providing negative potential functional drinking water.

The invention discloses a zeolite supported nano tourmalinite material and a preparation method and applications thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: subjecting tourmalinite to a superfine nano-sizing treatment to obtain tourmalinite nano powder, preparing tourmalinite nano slurry; soaking zeolite in the tourmalinite nano slurry, carrying out ultrasonic stirring so as to loading nano tourmalinite on the inner channels and surface of zeolite, filtering, drying, and burning the mixture at a temperature of 500 to 700 DEG C to obtain the zeolite supported nano tourmalinite material. The zeolite supported nano tourmalinite material can remove ammonia nitrogen in slightly polluted drinking water, and does not have any side effect. The ammonia nitrogen removal rate can reach 90% or more. The provided material is a novel material for deeply removing ammonia nitrogen in slightly polluted drinking water, has an important application value and theoretical significance, and has very important meaning for solving the problems of severe lack of water resources and ammonia nitrogen pollution of drinking water.

The invention discloses a novel drinking water advanced treatment and purification device and a method. The device comprises a flushing system, a negatively charged ultrafiltration membrane assembly (1), a dosing system and a water production system, wherein the negatively charged ultrafiltration membrane assembly (1) comprises a water inlet (11), a produced water port (12) and a concentrated water port (13), the water inlet (11) is connected to a water inlet tank, the concentrated water port (13) is connected to the flushing system and the dosing system, and the produced water port (12) is connected to the water production system. The device and method provided by the invention utilizes negatively charged groups of a charged ultrafiltration membrane for advanced treatment of harmful anions and part of small molecular organic matters in inflow water, and makes use of positive diffusion chemical cleaning for efficient restoration of the membrane running flux, thus reaching the purpose of advanced treatment of micro-organic polluted drinking water.

The invention relates to a multistage continuous photocatalysis water purification reactor and a water treatment method thereof. The reactor comprises a contact tank, a light source module and a switch control system, wherein a plurality of clamping grooves in the inner wall of the contact tank are correspondingly and fixedly provided with a plurality of dismountable clapboards; the spaces among the dismountable clapboards form single-stage treatment systems; each single-stage treatment system is provided with the light source module comprising a light source bent frame and more than one tube installed on the light source bent frame; the bottom of the contact tank is provided with a water inlet, a water outlet, an on-line sampling port and a drain outlet respectively; the bottom of the contact tank below the light source bent frame is fixedly provided with an aerator pipe and an aeration stone for rising bubbles; and the switch control system independently controls the on and off of the tube in each light source module. The reactor can be used for deep purification treatment on high-toxicity and low-concentration poisonous and organic pollutants and common organic pollutants in the polluted drinking water, industrial waste water and urban domestic sewage.

The invention discloses a method used for purifying slightly polluted drinking water. According to the method, raw water is introduced into a high load biological oxidation pool for complete biodegradation; discharged water is introduced into a flocculation basin and a sedimentation basin successively; an obtained supernatant is pumped into an ultrafilter membrane assembly for crossflow filtration; ultrafiltration discharged water is introduced into a clean water tank for chlorine disinfection and discharging, a concentrate and a backwash waste liquid from the ultrafilter membrane assembly arerecycled back into the biological oxidation pool for circulation processing. According to the method, organic combination of biological oxidation and crossflow untrafiltration is adopted, and a conventional biological oxidation is optimized so as to solve problems in the prior art that water feeding processing load capacity is low, routine dead end filtration water discharge amount is low, and energy consumption is high; the method is capable of increasing removing effect on small molecular dissolvable organic matters, ensuring the biological safety of discharged water, reducing land occupation area, and reducing water production energy consumption. The specific flow is disclosed in a graph in the invention.

The invention discloses a cattle drinking trough comprising a rectangular trough body, wherein one end of the rectangular trough body is provided with an unwinding drum and an unwinding motor, and the other end of the rectangular trough body is provided with a winding drum and a winding motor; the unwinding drum is provided with a cloth cover; and a steel wire connected with the cloth cover is wound on the winding drum. The cattle drinking trough also comprises a pedal, a weighing sensor and a controller, wherein the detected signal output end of the weighing sensor is electrically connected with the signal input end of the controller; and the control signal output end of the controller is respectively and electrically connected with the control signal input ends of the winding motor and the unwinding motor. According to the cattle drinking trough, when no cattle drink water, the controller controls the winding motor to work, and the winding motor drags the cloth cover through the steel wire to enable the cloth cover to cover an opening of the rectangular trough body, so that the drinking water is prevented from being polluted by dust and the like; and when the cattle need to drink water, the cattle stand on the pedal, a detected signal is input to the controller by the weighing sensor, and the controller controls the unwinding motor to work to wind the cloth cover, so that the normal water drinking of cattle is not influenced, and the cattle drinking trough is convenient to use.

The invention relates to a multi-step combined method for purifying radioactive cesium-polluted drinking water and a device used by the method. The method comprises carrying out adsorption / coagulation, sedimentation and membrane separation, adding a cupric ferrocyanide adsorbent and an aluminum salt coagulant into an adsorption tank, fully mixing the adsorbent, coagulant and radioactive cesium-polluted water for a reaction for 10-20min, carrying out precipitation for 10-15min, feeding the supernatant into a film separation tank, filtering the supernatant in the film separation tank through a hollow fiber film and discharging the product water. The method simplifies processes. The device utilizes an independent precipitation unit so that precipitation performances of a cupric ferrocyanide adsorbent are improved and film pollution is reduced. The method and device are suitable for emergency treatment on radioactive cesium-polluted drinking water and waste water, and have a wide application prospect and prominent environmental and social benefits.

The invention discloses a Sphingomonas sp.815Y strain for degrading bromate and application of the Sphingomonas sp.815Y strain, wherein the microbial preservation number of the Sphingomonas sp.815Y strain is CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No.4721. The Sphingomonas sp.815Y strain is obtained by screening from the natural world, can be used for effectively degrading the bromate, is high in degrading efficiency, can be inoculated and applied to a biological activated carbon process, has the capabilities of effectively removing the bromate produced in an ozonization process of drinking water and the bromate in polluted drinking water and improving the safety of the drinking water and has a favorable application prospect in terms of drinking water treatment.

A system which allows easy manual connection of the water bottle of a water cooler, with its bottle placed in an upright position at the bottom of the cooler (bottom load water cooler), to the remaining water system of the said water cooler and the related bottom load water cooler system. With the said system, connecting or disconnecting the water bottle of such water cooler system is a task as simple as manually turning a rotational handle clockwise or counter clockwise. This allows replacing the water bottle of such water cooler without touching any of its water pipes, which not only simplifies the process, but more importantly also eliminates chance of contamination of the drinking water system during the process. The system further utilizes a universal water bottle sealing cap with air filters to suppress bacteria growth in the drinking water bottle due to intake of polluted air. A reversible pressing system allows automatically adjustment for water bottles of different height and allows using the same type of water bottle as those used on conventional water cooler with its water bottle sitting on top of it in an inverted position (top load water cooler). All these features make it simpler and safer to enjoy the benefit brought by the bottom load water cooler system and bring the hygiene standard of such system to a higher level.

The invention discloses an angle valve which comprises a metal shell. A plastic liner is embedded into the shell and provided with a water inlet and a water outlet corresponding to the shell, the plastic liner covers a water passing portion on the inner wall of the shell, and a valve spool is mounted on the plastic liner. Drinking water is isolated from contacting with the metal shell, and metal precipitates are prevented from polluting the drinking water.