This invention discloses an online detection method and device for the interlayer vacuum degree of multi-layer insulation in cryogenic containers, belonging to the field of cryogenic insulation vacuum detection technology. The method includes: installing a vacuum-sealed base on the outer wall of the container; penetrating the outer liner with a piercing capillary probe and inserting it into the interlayer gap; constructing a two-stage high-vacuum differential
system consisting of an oil-free dry forepump, a
turbomolecular pump, a fine-tuning
needle valve, a flow-limiting capillary, a differential chamber, and a
residual gas analyzer to form a low-speed drainage loop; after pre-evacuating the background gas, adjusting the fine-tuning
needle valve to extract the interlayer gas at
low speed, simultaneously collecting the total pressure and component partial pressures; calculating the true vacuum degree by combining flow resistance, gas resistance,
permeation resistance, and
temperature correction; after detection, leaving the end of the piercing capillary probe inside the layer without removing it, and permanently sealing the base port; repeating the detection at different points and depths to complete a full-area scan. This application has the advantages of direct online detection, minimally invasive and leak-free operation, repeatable testing, and accurate tracing of
failure causes.