The invention discloses an acrylate structural adhesive for bonding an aluminum shell for a flame-retardant power battery. The acrylate structural adhesive is prepared from an oxidant component and areducing agent component, wherein a volume ratio of the oxidant component to the reducing agent component is 1 to 1, and the oxidant component is prepared from isobornyl methacrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethylcycloethane methacrylate, nitrile rubber, a methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate diblock copolymer, a flame retardant, peroxide, and a stabilizer; the reducing agent component isprepared from tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate, carboxy-terminated modified chloroprene rubber, a methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate diblock copolymer, a flame retardant, substituted thiourea, cobalt naphthenate, an additive and a stabilizer. The invention also discloses a preparation method. When the acrylate structural adhesive is used, the amount of heat release is low, no pores and lines appear on the surface of an adhesive layer, and the flame retardant effect can also be achieved, thereby effectively improving the safety and reliability of the battery.