The invention discloses a high-back pressure heating optimization method for a thermal power unit. The method is: when two units in a thermal power plant are connected in series with high back pressure for heating, the current 1# unit exhaust volume, 2# unit exhaust volume, cycle Under the condition of water volume and return water temperature, the back pressure of 1# and 2# units is optimized collaboratively to ensure the water supply temperature. Specifically, first optimize the operation of the 1# unit under the best back pressure, and adjust the back pressure of the 2# unit to the most economical back pressure to ensure the water supply temperature; if the back pressure of the 2# unit is p c2 has been adjusted to the highest back pressure p c2max If it still cannot meet the water supply temperature requirements, the 2# unit maintains the highest back pressure operation, and adjusts the 1# unit back pressure to the most economical back pressure to ensure the water supply temperature; the invention provides two units of the high back pressure series heat supply optimization method, Under the condition of maintaining heat supply, the power generation is maximized and the energy consumption for heating is minimized.