The invention discloses a cleaning method of a ceramic filter, which comprises the following steps in sequence: (1) stopping production, keeping idle running of the ceramic filter, cleaning the surface of a ceramic filter plate and a groove body, (2) inputting alkaline liquor at a mass fraction of 10-20% and clear water into a back flushing pipeline for mixing, adjusting water pressure of the back flushing pipeline to be stabilized at 0.15-0.2MPa for back flushing for 45-50min, (3) carrying out the back flushing for 5min with the clear water, flushing the groove body for 5min with circulation production water at the same time, and (4) filling the groove body with the circulation production water, turning on an ultrasonic transducer, inputting concentrated nitric acid at a mass fraction of 50-60% and the clear water for mixing, and adjusting the water pressure of the back flushing pipeline to be stabilized at 0.15-0.2MPa for back flushing for 30min. The method has a good cleaning effect, the ceramic filter can be cleaned every other 24h of continuous operation, the production cost of an enterprise is greatly saved, and the production efficiency is improved.