The invention relates to a multifunctional chassis fixture for a roundness measuring instrument to measure the molded lines of a piston. The multifunctional chassis fixture is provided with a lower positioning chassis and an upper rotary indexing positioning disk which are provided with an axial locking mechanism, wherein the lower positioning chassis and the upper rotary indexing positioning diskhave high roundness, and are coaxial and concentric with each other; positioning pin holes are formed in the edges of the upper disk and the lower disk; the area of a roundness measuring instrument base is increased, and a measuring diameter is increased; the lower disk and upper disk are indexed respectively through each positioning pin hole with an indexing accuracy of 55 divisions to 65 divisions, and the lower disk and upper disk perform indexed rotation; 1-degree indexing scribed lines are fabricated on the lower disk; the positioning pin holes and the roundness measuring instrument arematched with each other so as to perform indexed rotation with angle differences, are positioned through positioning pins and locked through the locking mechanism; and the long axis zero position of the piston skirt of the piston and the zero position of the roundness measuring instrument are corrected and overlapped with each other. The multifunctional chassis fixture has the advantages of convenient operation, simple production, low production cost, high detection precision, high measurement efficiency, high economical efficiency and high practicality, and can meet the universality measurement requirements of different types of pistons, and therefore, the popularization and use of the multifunctional chassis fixture can be facilitated.