A grinding process assessment method based on reliability comprises the steps that 1, grinding process defect and failure analysis is carried out on device characteristics, workpiece characteristics and the machining process in the grinding process, grinding process FMEA is built, and typical defects are found; 2, according to the typical defects of the grinding process, computer finite element analysis is carried out, failure physics causing the typical defects is found, and failure physics analysis is further carried out on grinding process products; 3, grinding process parameters are designed, actual machining is carried out, and the product reliability is assessed through the grinding process parameters; 4, a reliability simulated test is carried out on the machined products, related mechanical properties are tested out, a degradation rate curve of key physical characterization Q is made, and a parameter degradation model of Q is obtained; 5, according to the above related process parameters, the key physical characterization Q and related mechanical property data, a reliability model is built, therefore, the grinding process is assessed based on the reliability, and bases are provided for process optimization design.