The invention belongs to the technical field of mutation or genetic engineering, DNA or RNA involved in genetic engineering, and vectors, and discloses a Piao chicken rumpless gene, and a method, a primer and a kit for detecting the rumpless trait of Piao chicken, and provides two detection markers Mbo II and Ava II for Piao chicken IRX1 gene. According to the present invention, on the basis of the genome-wide association analysis, all the genes in the relevant interval are subjected to sequence determination and genetic variation analysis by using the position cloning technology, such that the results show that the IRX1 gene is the functional gene of the rumpless trait of Piao chicken, the simple, rapid, effective, time-saving and low-cost PCR-RFLP detection markers are established, and the positive guiding significance is provided for the purification of the Piao chicken rumpless gene and the establishment of the breeding system; and the two markers can be used for the gene detectionof the rumpless trait of Piao chicken and the molecular marker-assisted breeding, and have characteristics of early screening, rapid identification, time saving, low cost, high accuracy and the like.