The invention discloses an exhaustive swimming test device for simulating special military environments, which comprises a cabinet as well as a natural light simulation system, a lightning and battlefield audible-visible simulation system, a temperature regulation system, a signal acquisition system, a swimming pool and a control unit which are arranged in the cabinet. The device disclosed by the invention can carry out intelligent regulation on temperature and humidity, and carry out all-true simulation on extreme weather conditions such as high temperature, high humidity, low temperature and the like; meanwhile, through combining the audible-visible simulation system of the device, a fierce war stress psychological environment can be built, and animal behaviors can be recorded clearly through configuring a software system; therefore, the device disclosed by the invention can simulate severe natural environments, normal natural environments as well as war environments, so that the device has good universality and provides a possibility for acquiring the physiological parameters of big and small mice in exhaustive swimming tests in various different environments, thereby eliminating the limitations existing in test devices in the prior art, simulating the comprehensive stress factors of war conditions better, and facilitating the acquisition of convincing test results.